Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the apex of the axilla primarily bounded by?
What is the apex of the axilla primarily bounded by?
Which nerves are included in the branches of the brachial plexus?
Which nerves are included in the branches of the brachial plexus?
Which muscle is NOT supplied by the branches of the brachial plexus?
Which muscle is NOT supplied by the branches of the brachial plexus?
What is the main role of the axillary nerve?
What is the main role of the axillary nerve?
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From where does the axillary nerve originate?
From where does the axillary nerve originate?
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What contents are found within the axilla?
What contents are found within the axilla?
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What defines the base of the axilla?
What defines the base of the axilla?
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Which of the following statements about the brachial plexus is correct?
Which of the following statements about the brachial plexus is correct?
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Which nerve is responsible for innervating the rhomboids?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the rhomboids?
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Study Notes
Axilla
- Definition: Pyramidal space between upper parts of arm and chest
- Boundaries:
- Apex (cervicoaxillary canal):
- Connects neck and apex of axilla
- Transmits vessels and nerves to upper limb
- Bounded by medial 1st rib, anterior clavicle, and posterior scapula
- Anterior wall: Pectoralis major, Clavipectoral fascia, Subclavius, Pectoralis minor
- Posterior wall: Subscapularis, Latissimus dorsi, Teres major
- Medial wall: Upper 5 ribs, intercostal muscles, Upper part of serratus anterior
- Lateral wall: Upper part of humerus shaft, Coracobrachialis, Bicipital groove of humerus, Biceps
- Apex (cervicoaxillary canal):
- Contents:
- Axillary artery
- Axillary vein
- Brachial plexus (infraclavicular part)
- Axillary lymph nodes
- Axillary fat
- Loose connective tissue
- Base:
- Skin
- Axillary fascia
Brachial Plexus
- Definition: Network of nerves extending from the neck into the axilla
- Formation: Anterior rami of C5, 6, 7, 8, and T1
- Trunks: Upper (C5, 6), Middle (C7), Lower (C8, T1)
- Divisions: Each trunk divides into anterior and posterior divisions
- Cords: Lateral (upper and middle trunks), Medial (lower trunk), Posterior (all three trunks)
- Branches: Numerous, supplying muscles and sensory innervation of the upper limb (excluding trapezius). Specific examples are provided in the text. The ulnar nerve receives fibers from the median nerve (C7).
- Root value: C5, 6.
Axillary Nerve
- Origin: Posterior cord of brachial plexus
- Course and relations: Posterior to axillary artery, through quadrangular space, posterior to surgical neck of humerus
- Branches and distribution:
- Anterior branch: Anterior part of deltoid
- Posterior branch: Posterior part of deltoid and teres minor
- Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm: Supplies skin over deltoid
- Injury causes: Fracture of surgical neck of humerus, or dislocation of shoulder
- Motor consequences: Deltoid paralysis, Loss of abduction 15-90°
- Sensory consequences: Loss of sensation over the deltoid
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge on the anatomy of the axilla and the brachial plexus. Learn about the boundaries, contents, and functions of this crucial area in the upper body. Explore the structures that connect the neck to the axilla and their significance.
