Diagnosis and Management of Bacterial Peritonitis

What is the initial management step for a patient suspected of having peritonitis?

In the case of community-acquired secondary peritonitis, which combination of antibiotics is recommended?

Which of the following complications may arise from untreated peritonitis?

What is the appropriate management for primary peritonitis associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)?

Which surgical intervention is NOT typically associated with source control in peritonitis management?

Which peritoneal organ classification is characterized as being covered only by the parietal peritoneum on its anterior surface?

Which type of peritonitis is characterized by an obvious source of infection due to an intra-abdominal lesion?

Which clinical feature is NOT typically associated with peritonitis?

What is the primary cause of bacterial infections in primary peritonitis?

Which of the following organs is classified as intraperitoneal?

Which symptom is associated with advanced peritonitis and can indicate sepsis?

What type of pathogens are commonly isolated in secondary peritonitis?

Which diagnostic method is NOT routinely used for diagnosing peritonitis?

Which layer of the peritoneum is attached to the abdominal wall?

Which organs are considered intraperitoneal?

The potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is called the:

What is the definition of primary peritonitis? A. Inflammation of the peritoneum with an obvious source of infection B. Inflammation of the peritoneum without an obvious source C. Infection following abdominal surgery D. Inflammation limited to the appendix

Which of the following is a common cause of secondary peritonitis?

Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is primarily caused by:

Which is a feature of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)?

Which organisms are most commonly implicated in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)?

Which symptom is most commonly associated with peritonitis?

What is the primary aetiology of PRIMARY/SBP PERITONITIS?

A 32-year-old female presents with tenderness and guarding on palpation of the right iliac fossa. Ultrasound shows acute appendicitis. What is the likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is a sign of generalized peritonitis?

Which radiological finding is suggestive of peritonitis?

Which test is most useful to rule out pancreatitis in a patient suspected of having peritonitis?

Which is the primary initial step in managing a patient with peritonitis?

What is the rationale for adding metronidazole in the empiric treatment of secondary peritonitis?

Which antibiotic covers aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas, and also has good anaerobic cover?

Which of the following antibiotics provides anaerobic coverage?

The empiric treatment for community-acquired secondary peritonitis typically includes:

What is the recommended empiric treatment for hospital-acquired secondary peritonitis?

Why is gentamicin added to the treatment regimen in secondary peritonitis?

Which of the following actions is part of the 'source control' in peritonitis management?

What is the usual route of antimicrobial administration for PD-associated peritonitis?

What is the significance of performing an ascitic tap in suspected primary peritonitis?

Which antibiotic combination provides broad-spectrum coverage, including anaerobes?

Which of the following antimicrobials is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic?

In secondary peritonitis, the addition of gentamicin to piperacillin-tazobactam is primarily to:

Which of the following antibiotics does NOT provide anaerobic cover?

Why might metronidazole be added to cefuroxime in secondary peritonitis?

Which is a potential complication of untreated peritonitis?

Which of the following is a severe complication of peritonitis?

Which of the following may result from adhesions formed due to peritonitis?

What condition can localized abscesses due to peritonitis lead to?

Septic shock in peritonitis may present with:

A patient with liver cirrhosis presents with fever and abdominal pain. Ascitic fluid analysis reveals elevated neutrophils. What is the most likely diagnosis?

In a patient with a perforated duodenal ulcer, which type of peritonitis is most likely?

A 55-year-old female on peritoneal dialysis develops abdominal pain and cloudy peritoneal fluid. Which antibiotic route is preferred?

A patient with generalized peritonitis after a bowel perforation is most likely to have:

Which condition is a risk factor for developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)?

Which imaging modality is most useful to identify free air in the abdomen due to perforation?

Which antibiotic is most likely to cause nephrotoxicity and requires monitoring?

The main goal of empiric antibiotic therapy in peritonitis is to:

An appendectomy is primarily performed as:

Which of the following is least likely to be a cause of secondary peritonitis?

Which symptom differentiates primary from secondary peritonitis?

Which lab test is essential in the evaluation of peritoneal fluid in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)?

Which statement is true regarding peritoneal lavage in peritonitis?

Peritonitis can lead to ileus, which is characterized by:

Which finding is least suggestive of an acute abdomen due to peritonitis?

What is the initial imaging study recommended for a patient with suspected acute appendicitis?

In a patient with suspected primary peritonitis, which laboratory test is most essential for confirming the diagnosis?

What finding on an abdominal X-ray is a classic sign of free intraperitoneal air?

Which of the following is a key radiological sign of a perforated viscus on an erect chest X-ray?

In diagnosing peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, what is the most important diagnostic test?

Which of the following is the best imaging modality to evaluate suspected intra-abdominal abscesses?

What is the purpose of performing an "ascitic tap" in patients with suspected primary peritonitis?

Which laboratory finding is most commonly elevated in secondary peritonitis?

Which laboratory test is most indicative of infection and inflammation in peritonitis?

Which of the following statements is true about Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)?

Which diagnostic procedure is used to confirm Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)?

In primary peritonitis, what is the primary purpose of performing an ascitic tap?

Which of the following findings in peritoneal fluid analysis would suggest Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)?

Why is it crucial to exclude occult perforation in patients with suspected primary peritonitis?

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis is typically caused by which of the following types of organisms?

Which of the following is an indication for removal of the PD catheter in PD-associated peritonitis?

Which type of infection is most commonly associated with monomicrobial peritoneal fluid culture?

Which of the following antibiotics is typically used for empiric therapy in primary peritonitis (SBP)?

What is the most common source of microorganisms in PD-associated peritonitis?

Which clinical sign is most indicative of PD-associated peritonitis?

What is the rationale behind using intraperitoneal antibiotics in PD-associated peritonitis?

Which of the following is a common causative organism of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)?

Which of the following is a critical step in the management of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)?

Which microorganism is less commonly associated with PD-associated peritonitis?

Which imaging modality is most useful for diagnosing bowel perforation in secondary peritonitis?

What kind of fluid's presence during a diagnostic paracentesis is highly suggestive of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)?

A 52-year-old male with a history of cirrhosis and ascites presents with abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness. He is diagnosed with secondary peritonitis. Which empiric antibiotic regimen would you start for this patient with a community-acquired infection?

A 67-year-old female develops hospital-acquired secondary peritonitis after 10 days of treatment for acute pancreatitis. She had previously been treated with ceftriaxone for a urinary tract infection. What is the most appropriate empiric therapy for this hospital-acquired infection?

A 59-year-old male with diabetes and recent broad-spectrum antibiotic use presents with suspected secondary peritonitis. Despite antibiotic treatment, his condition worsens, and the suspicion of a fungal infection arises. Which antifungal should be considered?

A) Caspofungin B) Voriconazole C) Nystatin D) Amphotericin B

A 45-year-old male with a history of diverticulitis is diagnosed with secondary peritonitis and started on piperacillin-tazobactam and gentamicin. After 48 hours, cultures show Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis, both sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam. How would you adjust his therapy?

A 70-year-old male presents with secondary peritonitis following bowel surgery. Cultures grow Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam but susceptible to gentamicin. What is the next best step?

A 62-year-old male with liver cirrhosis and recurrent SBP presents with peritonitis. His previous cultures grew Escherichia coli resistant to ceftriaxone. What empiric antibiotics should be started?

A 65-year-old male with a history of chronic renal failure presents with abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness. His creatinine clearance is significantly reduced. He is diagnosed with secondary peritonitis. What would be the best empiric antibiotic choice, considering his renal function?

A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with secondary peritonitis after bowel perforation. You suspect significant anaerobic involvement based on the clinical picture. Which of the following antibiotic combinations would provide the best anaerobic coverage?

A 70-year-old male presents with abdominal pain, fever, and signs of peritonitis. He has no history of recent hospitalization and was diagnosed with secondary peritonitis, likely community-acquired. Which empiric antibiotic regimen would be most appropriate?

A 55-year-old male develops secondary peritonitis after bowel surgery and has been in the hospital for 10 days. He is now showing signs of a severe abdominal infection. Which empiric antibiotic regimen should be initiated?

A 38-year-old male with a known history of penicillin allergy (anaphylaxis) presents with secondary peritonitis. What empiric antibiotic regimen would be appropriate in this situation?