Anatomy of the Abdomen: Mesenteries and Omenta

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Questions and Answers

What is the location of the pylorus in the abdominal cavity?

Left lower quadrant

Just to the right of the midline, on the transpyloric plane (correct)

Right lower quadrant

Left upper quadrant

Which of the following structures is located in the midline of the abdomen?

Cecum

Pylorus

Right kidney

Abdominal aorta (correct)

What is the location of the ascending colon?

Left upper quadrant

Right lower quadrant

Left lower quadrant

Extends upward from the cecum along the right vertical line (correct)

Which of the following structures is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?

Cecum and appendix Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the descending colon?

Extends downward from the left costal margin on the lateral side of the left vertical line Signup and view all the answers

Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

At the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mesenteries in the abdominal cavity?

To support the intestines and attach them to the posterior abdominal wall Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following omenta connects the stomach to the transverse colon?

Greater Omentum Signup and view all the answers

At which vertebral level is the Transpyloric Plane/Plane of Addison located?

L1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the gallbladder in relation to the costal margin?

A fingerbreadth below the costal margin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity?

Spleen Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the duodenum and the pancreas?

The duodenum surrounds the head of the pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cardioesophageal junction located?

Three fingerbreadths below and to the left of the xiphisternal junction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is not covered by the lower ribs?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood vessels is NOT found in the abdomen?

Pulmonary artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryological derivative of the thoracic part of the foregut?

Five definitive aortic branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the abdomen in the body?

Between the diaphragm and pelvis inlet Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the portal vein in the abdomen?

To carry blood from the abdominal organs to the liver Signup and view all the answers

What are the four muscle layers of the Anterolateral aspect of the abdominal walls?

External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and rectus abdominis Signup and view all the answers

What determines the foregut, midgut, and hindgut in embryological development?

The ventral branches of the descending aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the peritoneal ligaments in the abdomen?

To connect the abdominal organs to the abdominal walls Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mesenteries and Omenta

Mesenteries are two-layered folds of peritoneum connecting parts of the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall.
Omenta are two-layered folds of peritoneum connecting the stomach to other organs.
Greater Omentum connects the stomach to the transverse colon.
Lesser Omentum connects the stomach to the liver.
Gastrosplenic Omentum connects the stomach to the spleen.

Surface Anatomy

Liver and Gallbladder

The liver is covered by the lower ribs on the right side.
The liver is palpable, a fingerbreadth below the costal margin.
The gallbladder lies opposite the tip of the right ninth costal cartilage.

Spleen

The spleen is located in the left upper quadrant.
The spleen is under the cover of the 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs.

Pancreas

The pancreas lies across the transpyloric plane.
The duodenum surrounds the head of the pancreas.

Stomach

The cardioesophageal junction is located about three fingerbreadths below and to the left of the xiphisternal junction.

Abdomen

The abdomen is located between the diaphragm (above) and the pelvic inlet (below).
The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity physically.
The pelvic inlet separates the pelvic cavity and abdominal cavity, but is not a physical barrier.

Blood Vessels

The abdomen contains the aorta and its branches, inferior vena cava and its tributaries, and the portal vein.

Muscle Layers

The anterolateral aspect of the abdominal wall has four muscle layers.

Surface Landmarks and Quadrants

The abdomen has four quadrants and nine regions.
The surface landmarks of the abdomen are used to locate its organs.

Embryological Derivatives

The foregut, midgut, and hindgut are determined by the arteries supplying them.
The gut tube and its derivatives receive blood supply from unpaired ventral branches of the descending aorta.

Kidney and Large Intestine

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney.
The cecum is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.
The appendix is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.
The ascending colon extends upward from the cecum along the right vertical line.
The transverse colon extends across the abdomen, occupying the umbilical region.
The descending colon extends downward from the left costal margin on the lateral side of the left vertical line.
The sigmoid colon is located in the left lower quadrant.

Aorta

The abdominal aorta is located in the midline of the abdomen.
The abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra (intercristal plane).

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Description

Learn about the two-layered folds of peritoneum that connect intestines to the abdominal wall and stomach to other organs.