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Questions and Answers
What is the function of basal cells in the olfactory system?
What is the minimum requirement for a substance to be smelled?
What is the location of the smell part of the brain?
What is the function of the dendrite in olfactory cells?
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What happens when olfactory receptors react with odor particles?
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What is the role of olfactory hairs in the olfactory system?
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Study Notes
Olfaction
- Sense of smell receptors located in superior and middle nasal conchae of ethmoid bone and upper part of nasal septum
- Three types of cells:
- Supporting cells: form columnar epithelium of mucous membrane lining the nose
- Olfactory cells: neurons with axon and dendrite, dendrite terminates in 6-8 cilia (olfactory hairs) that react with odors and stimulate olfactory cells
- Basal cells: produce supporting cells
Conditions for Smelling
- Substance must be capable of becoming a gas or in the form of gaseous particles to enter nostrils
- Substance must be water-soluble to dissolve in nostril mucus and contact olfactory cells
- Substance must be lipid-soluble to pass through plasma membrane of olfactory hairs and initiate impulse
Olfactory Pathway
- Axons of olfactory cells unite to form olfactory nerve
- Olfactory nerve passes through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
- Terminates in olfactory bulbs (two masses of gray matter beneath frontal lobe)
- Dendrites of neurons in bulbs synapse with axons of olfactory nerve
- Olfactory tract conveys impulses to primary olfactory area of cerebral cortex, where odors are interpreted
Smell Perception
- Smell part of brain in limbic region, connected to frontal lobe where feelings and memory are processed
- Odor particles drift into nose and cause smell receptors to send messages to brain
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Description
This quiz covers the structure and function of the sense of smell, including the types of cells involved in olfaction.
