Skull Veins Quiz: Supratrochlear Foramen and More

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Questions and Answers

What is unique about emissary veins?

They are valveless (correct)

They have valves

They are responsible for blood flow to the brain

They are only found in the cranial bones

Where do diploic veins occupy channels?

In the mastoid foramen

In the parietal bone

In the skull foramina

In the diploë of the cranial bones (correct)

What is the function of the parietal emissary vein?

It connects the basilar plexus and vertebral vein

It connects the transverse sinus and the mastoid emissary vein

It connects the superior sagittal sinus and the superficial temporal vein (correct)

It connects the sigmoid sinus and occipital vein

Where does the occipital vein open internally?

Into the confluence of the sinus (torcular Herophili) Signup and view all the answers

What does the frontal diploic vein open into?

The supraorbital vein and the superior sagittal sinus Signup and view all the answers

Where is the posterior temporal diploic vein situated?

In the parietal bone Signup and view all the answers

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus contained?

In the posterior half of the free margin of the falx cerebri Signup and view all the answers

What does the straight sinus receive besides the inferior sagittal sinus?

The superior cerebellar veins and the great cerebral vein Signup and view all the answers

Where does the left transverse sinus originate from?

The straight sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct continuation of the superior sagittal sinus?

The right transverse sinus Signup and view all the answers

Where does the transverse sinus lie in the?

Attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli Signup and view all the answers

Where does the occipital sinus generally end?

In the confluence of the sinuses Signup and view all the answers

Where does the inferior petrosal sinus begin?

In the postero-inferior part of the cavernous sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Basilar plexus?

To connect the two inferior petrosal sinuses Signup and view all the answers

Which veins form the retromandibular vein?

Superficial temporal and maxillary veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the tributary of the retromandibular vein related to the parotid region?

Parotid veins Signup and view all the answers

What are the tributaries of the retromandibular vein?

Superficial temporal, middle temporal, and transverse facial veins Signup and view all the answers

What are the tributaries of the Pterygoid plexus?

Sphenopalatine, middle meningeal, and inferior alveolar veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Venous plexus of the foramen ovale?

It connects the cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus Signup and view all the answers

Where are the sinuses of the dura matter situated?

Between the two layers of the dura mater and lined by endothelium Signup and view all the answers

How many groups can the sinuses of the dura matter be divided into?

Two groups: postero-superior and antero-inferior Signup and view all the answers

What does the superior sagittal sinus deviate into as it continues backward?

The corresponding transverse sinus Signup and view all the answers

What kind of veins does the superior sagittal sinus receive?

Superior cerebral veins, veins from the diploë and dura mater, veins from the pericranium Signup and view all the answers

Which structures does the Venous plexus of the hypoglossal nerve canal connect?

Occipital sinus and internal jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cavernous sinus located in the skull?

On either side of the body of the sphenoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What structures are found on the medial wall of the cavernous sinus?

The internal carotid artery and the abducent nerve Signup and view all the answers

What does the cavernous sinus communicate with by means of the superior petrosal sinus?

The transverse sinus Signup and view all the answers

How do the two sinuses of the cavernous sinus communicate with each other?

By means of the anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the superior petrosal sinus?

Small, narrow, and connects the cavernous with the transverse sinus Signup and view all the answers

Where is the inferior petrosal sinus situated?

In the inferior petrosal sulcus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Veins in the Skull

There are two types of veins found in the wall of the skull: diploic veins and emissary veins.
Diploic veins occupy channels in the diploë of the cranial bones.
The walls of diploic veins are formed of endothelium resting upon a layer of elastic tissue.

Diploic Veins

There are four diploic veins: frontal diploic vein, temporal anterior diploic vein, temporal posterior diploic vein, and occipital diploic vein.
The frontal diploic vein opens into the supraorbital vein and the superior sagittal sinus.
The anterior temporal vein opens into the sphenoparietal sinus and one of the deep temporal veins.
The posterior temporal vein is situated in the parietal bone and ends in the transverse sinus.
The occipital vein opens into the transverse sinus or the confluence of the sinuses.

Emissary Veins

Emissary veins are valveless veins that normally drain the intracranial venous sinuses to veins on the outside of the skull.
Emissary veins can be a possible route for transmission of extracranial infection into the skull.
Examples of emissary veins include the parietal emissary vein, mastoid emissary vein, condylar emissary vein, and occipital emissary vein.

Sinuses of the Dura Matter

The sinuses of the dura matter are devoid of valves.
They are situated between the two layers of the dura mater and are lined by endothelium.
There are two groups of sinuses: the superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, and sigmoid sinus, and the inferior group including the cavernous sinus, intercavernous sinuses, superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, and basilar plexus.

Superior Sagittal Sinus

The superior sagittal sinus occupies the attached or convex margin of the falx cerebri.
It begins at the foramen cecum and deviates into the corresponding transverse sinus.
It receives superior cerebral veins, veins from the diploë and dura mater, and veins from the pericranium.

Inferior Sagittal Sinus

The inferior sagittal sinus is contained in the posterior half or two-thirds of the free margin of the falx cerebri.
It ends in the straight sinus.
It receives veins from the falx cerebri and occasionally a few from the medial surfaces of the hemispheres.

Straight Sinus

The straight sinus is situated at the line of junction of the falx cerebri with the tentorium cerebelli.
It receives the inferior sagittal sinus and the great cerebral vein.
It is connected to the confluence of the sinuses.

Transverse Sinus

The transverse sinus begins at the internal occipital protuberance.
It lies in the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.
It ends in the internal jugular vein at the jugular foramen.
The right transverse sinus is the direct continuation of the superior sagittal sinus.
The left transverse sinus originates from the straight sinus.

Occipital Sinus

The occipital sinus is generally single, but occasionally there are two.
It communicates with the posterior internal vertebral venous plexuses.
It ends in the confluence of the sinuses.

Cavernous Sinus

The cavernous sinus is located on either side of the body of the sphenoid bone.
It opens into the petrosal sinuses behind.
It communicates with the internal jugular vein through the inferior petrosal sinus.
It communicates with the pterygoid venous plexus through the foramen Vesalii, foramen ovale, and foramen lacerum.

Superior Petrosal Sinus

The superior petrosal sinus is small, narrow, and connects the cavernous with the transverse sinus.
It runs lateralward and backward from the posterior end of the cavernous sinus.
It receives some cerebellar and inferior cerebral veins, and veins from the tympanic cavity.

Inferior Petrosal Sinus

The inferior petrosal sinus is situated in the inferior petrosal sulcus.
It begins in the postero-inferior part of the cavernous sinus and ends in the superior bulb of the internal jugular vein.

Basilar Plexus

The basilar plexus connects the two inferior petrosal sinuses.
It communicates with the anterior vertebral venous plexus.

Facial Vein

The facial vein receives tributaries from the angular vein, supratrochlear vein, supraorbital vein, palpebral vein, external nasal veins, labial veins, deep facial vein, parotid veins, and submental vein.

Retromandibular Vein

The retromandibular vein is formed by the superficial temporal and maxillary veins.
It descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery.
The anterior branch of the retromandibular vein unites with the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein.
The posterior branch of the retromandibular vein is joined by the posterior auricular vein and becomes the external jugular vein.

Pterygoid Plexus

The pterygoid plexus receives tributaries from the sphenopalatine vein, middle meningeal vein, deep temporal veins, superior alveolar veins, inferior alveolar vein, inferior ophthalmic vein, plexus of the foramen ovale, and plexus of the internal carotid artery canal.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the types of veins found in the skull, their location, and structure. It covers diploic veins, emissary veins, and plexuses of the skull foramina.

Anatomy of Skull Veins