Anatomy of Skin Structure

Questions and Answers

To ensure the active ingredient remains chemically stable and can penetrate the skin (correct)

To preserve the product from bacteria and fungi

To add color to the product

To add fragrance to the product

Fatty base (correct)

Powder base

Aqueous base

Emulsion base

To enhance the skin's natural glow

To add fragrance to the product

To increase the product's shelf life

To prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi (correct)

Gas base Signup and view all the answers

The product may contain bacteria or fungi Signup and view all the answers

Benzyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

To prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi Signup and view all the answers

Dye Signup and view all the answers

The product may cause an allergic reaction Signup and view all the answers

To ensure the active ingredient remains chemically stable and can penetrate the skin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The skin consists of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis.
Underneath the dermis lies the subcutis, which consists mainly of fat cells.
The epidermis forms the outer layer, and its cells continuously divide to form new cells.
As cells are made, they are pushed towards the surface by newer cells underneath, eventually reaching the keratinous layer and being shed.
Functions of the epidermis include:
- Water and electrolyte permeability barrier
- Mechanical barrier
- Microbial barrier/immune function
- Hydration/moisturization
- Protection from environmental toxins
- Desquamation
- UV barrier
- Oxidative stress barrier

The dermis forms the layer below the epidermis and is thicker than the epidermis.
The dermis is mainly made up of collagen and elastin fibers.
It also contains blood vessels, nerves, sensory organs, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.

Cosmetics are products used to enhance or change the appearance of the face, fragrance, or texture of the body.
Many cosmetics are designed for use on the face and body.
Cosmetics are generally mixtures of chemical compounds derived from natural sources or may be synthetic or semisynthetic.
Examples of cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, blush, highlighter, bronzer, and several other products.

Cosmetology refers to the scientific and investigative basis of cosmetics, with its biological, chemical, and medical ramifications.
A cosmetician is a person engaged in the field of cosmetics, whose work is directed towards the care, protection, and improvement of the skin.
Dermatology refers to the medical specialty of diagnosing and treating diseases of the skin, hair, and nails.

The role of the base is not merely to transport an active ingredient into the skin, but also to have specific effects on the skin, such as increasing moisture level, soothing, or cooling.
Examples of bases include fatty bases, aqueous (water) solutions, and powders.
The combination of these bases can produce various dosage forms, such as ointments, creams, emulsions, solutions, powders, pastes, suspensions, or lotions.
Additional substances in cosmetic products include fragrances and perfumes, dyes, and preservatives.
Examples of preservatives include benzoic acid, imidazolidinyl urea, benzyl alcohol, parabens, formaldehyde, and kathon CG.
Preservatives are necessary to prevent bacterial and fungal growth in cosmetic preparations.