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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the base in cosmetic products?
What is the primary role of the base in cosmetic products?
What type of base is typically used to increase the moisture level of the skin?
What type of base is typically used to increase the moisture level of the skin?
What is the purpose of preservatives in cosmetic products?
What is the purpose of preservatives in cosmetic products?
Which of the following is NOT a type of base used in cosmetic products?
Which of the following is NOT a type of base used in cosmetic products?
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What is the potential consequence of using a cosmetic product without preservatives?
What is the potential consequence of using a cosmetic product without preservatives?
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What is an example of a preservative used in cosmetic products?
What is an example of a preservative used in cosmetic products?
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What is the primary reason for adding a preservative to a cosmetic product?
What is the primary reason for adding a preservative to a cosmetic product?
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What is a common additive used in cosmetic products to enhance their appearance?
What is a common additive used in cosmetic products to enhance their appearance?
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What is the potential consequence of using a cosmetic product that contains an allergenic preservative?
What is the potential consequence of using a cosmetic product that contains an allergenic preservative?
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What is the primary role of the base in ensuring the effective delivery of the active ingredient?
What is the primary role of the base in ensuring the effective delivery of the active ingredient?
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Study Notes
Skin Structure
- The skin consists of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis.
- Underneath the dermis lies the subcutis, which consists mainly of fat cells.
- The epidermis forms the outer layer, and its cells continuously divide to form new cells.
- As cells are made, they are pushed towards the surface by newer cells underneath, eventually reaching the keratinous layer and being shed.
- Functions of the epidermis include:
- Water and electrolyte permeability barrier
- Mechanical barrier
- Microbial barrier/immune function
- Hydration/moisturization
- Protection from environmental toxins
- Desquamation
- UV barrier
- Oxidative stress barrier
Dermis
- The dermis forms the layer below the epidermis and is thicker than the epidermis.
- The dermis is mainly made up of collagen and elastin fibers.
- It also contains blood vessels, nerves, sensory organs, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.
Cosmetics
- Cosmetics are products used to enhance or change the appearance of the face, fragrance, or texture of the body.
- Many cosmetics are designed for use on the face and body.
- Cosmetics are generally mixtures of chemical compounds derived from natural sources or may be synthetic or semisynthetic.
- Examples of cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, blush, highlighter, bronzer, and several other products.
Definitions
- Cosmetology refers to the scientific and investigative basis of cosmetics, with its biological, chemical, and medical ramifications.
- A cosmetician is a person engaged in the field of cosmetics, whose work is directed towards the care, protection, and improvement of the skin.
- Dermatology refers to the medical specialty of diagnosing and treating diseases of the skin, hair, and nails.
Components of Cosmetic Products
- The role of the base is not merely to transport an active ingredient into the skin, but also to have specific effects on the skin, such as increasing moisture level, soothing, or cooling.
- Examples of bases include fatty bases, aqueous (water) solutions, and powders.
- The combination of these bases can produce various dosage forms, such as ointments, creams, emulsions, solutions, powders, pastes, suspensions, or lotions.
- Additional substances in cosmetic products include fragrances and perfumes, dyes, and preservatives.
- Examples of preservatives include benzoic acid, imidazolidinyl urea, benzyl alcohol, parabens, formaldehyde, and kathon CG.
- Preservatives are necessary to prevent bacterial and fungal growth in cosmetic preparations.
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Description
Learn about the composition of the skin, including the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis layers. Understand the functions and characteristics of each layer.
