Anatomy of Salivary Glands

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the salivary glands?

To enable the sense of smell

To filter out foreign particles from the air

To moisten the food and aid in swallowing (correct)

To produce hormones that regulate digestion

What type of secretions do the sublingual glands produce?

Mucous secretions (correct)

Serous secretions

Hormonal secretions

Mixed secretions

Where does the duct of the parotid salivary gland enter the mouth?

Near the upper 2nd molar tooth (correct)

Near the upper wisdom tooth

Near the upper 1st molar tooth

Near the lower 2nd molar tooth

What is the role of the minor salivary glands?

To maintain oral hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nose in the respiratory tract?

To filter out foreign particles from the air Signup and view all the answers

What is the frame of the external nose made of?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of saliva in digestion?

To begin the process of digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nose in speech?

To act as a resonating chamber Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the orbicularis oris muscle?

Acting as a sphincter Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are responsible for innervating the upper lip?

Infra-orbital nerves (CN V2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary blood supply to the cheeks?

Buccal arteries (branches of the maxillary) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lips?

Hearing Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for the muscle that surrounds the oral opening?

Orbicularis oris Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movable walls of the oral cavity?

Buccae Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries supplies the lower lip?

Labial arteries (from facial) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the musculofibrous folds that make up the lips?

Musculofibrous folds Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the tongue?

External carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

Which vein is responsible for draining the dorsum and sides of the tongue?

Posterior lingual veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate destination of lymphatic drainage from the tongue?

Deep cervical nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for salivation from the large salivary glands?

Food in the mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is the lingual artery deep to?

Hypoglossus muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of venous drainage from the deep lingual and sublingual veins?

Lingual vein to internal jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Moving the tongue to a different position Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of large salivary glands are there?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate destination of blood from the lingual artery?

General circulation at the venous angles Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the palatoglossus muscle?

Pharyngeal plexus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Changing the shape of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Lingual nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tongue is supplied by the lingual branch of CN IX?

Posterior 1/3 and the vallate papillae Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chorda tympani in relation to the tongue?

Mediating taste sensation Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for changing the position of the tongue in the oral cavity?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the muscles of the tongue, except for the palatoglossus?

Hypoglossal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the buccinator?

To prevent food from squeezing into the vestibule during chewing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the nerve supply to the mucosa of the roof and the lateral walls and floor of the oral cavity?

The roof is supplied by the maxillary nerve and the lateral walls and floor are supplied by the mandibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the teeth?

To break down food mechanically through molar action and to assist with speech Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vermilion border?

It is a transitional zone between the skin and mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lips in the oral cavity?

To prevent food from falling out of the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

The oropharynx Signup and view all the answers

How many permanent teeth are there in the human oral cavity?

32 Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that covers most of the tooth?

Dentine covered by enamel in the crown region and cement in the root Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

Facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ducts of the salivary glands in the oral cavity?

They produce saliva Signup and view all the answers

Where do the ducts of the sublingual gland open into?

Into the floor of the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of secretion produced by the submandibular gland?

Mixed (both serous and mucous) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the minor salivary glands?

To maintain oral hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of saliva in digestion?

To aid in the processing of food into a bolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nose in the respiratory tract?

To filter out foreign particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the frame of the external nose made of?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the salivary glands in the oral cavity?

To moisten food and aid in digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nose in speech?

To act as a resonating chamber Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the buccinators?

Principal muscle of the cheeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the upper and lower labial arteries?

From the facial artery and maxillary artery respectively Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the musculofibrous folds that make up the lips?

Musculofibrous folds Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply to the upper lip?

Infra-orbital nerve (CN V2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the orbicularis oris muscle?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood supply to the cheeks?

Buccal arteries (branches of the maxillary) Signup and view all the answers

What nerve supplies the lower lip?

Mental nerve (CN V3) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

To swirl the air around to trap dust and bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movable walls of the oral cavity?

Buccae Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses in the nasal cavity?

To add moisture to the surface of the nasal cavity and incoming air Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mucosal layer in the nasal cavity?

To trap dust and bacteria from the air Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the nasal septum in the nasal cavity?

To divide the nasal cavity into two parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hairs in the nares?

To filter the incoming air Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the nasal cavity in relation to the oral cavity?

Below the oral cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cribiform plate in the nasal cavity?

To separate the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the plexus leading to the ophthalmic, sphenopalatine, and facial veins?

To drain blood from the nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the buccinator muscle?

To push the cheek towards the teeth Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the mucous membrane of the roof of the oral cavity?

Maxillary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transitional zone between the skin and mucous membrane of the lips?

Vermilion border Signup and view all the answers

How many permanent teeth are present in the human oral cavity?

32 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the teeth?

To chew and break down food mechanically Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Oropharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

Facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that covers most of the tooth?

Enamel Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lips in the oral cavity?

To prevent food from falling out of the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the nerve supply to the mucosa of the roof and the lateral walls and floor of the oral cavity?

The maxillary nerve supplies the roof, and the mandibular nerve supplies the lateral walls and floor Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

To change the shape of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the general sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Lingual branch of CN IX Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chorda tympani in relation to the tongue?

To facilitate taste in the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for changing the position of the tongue in the oral cavity?

Hyoglossus Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the palatoglossus muscle?

Pharyngeal plexus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Intrinsic muscles change the shape of the tongue, while extrinsic muscles change its position Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tongue is supplied by the lingual nerve?

Anterior 2/3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypoglossal nerve in relation to the tongue?

To innervate all the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Salivary Glands

The parotid salivary gland has a duct that enters the mouth near the upper 2nd molar tooth, and its secretion is serous.
The submandibular gland has a duct that enters the floor of the mouth, and it is a mixed gland with both serous and mucous secretions.
The sublingual gland has 16-20 short ducts that open into the floor of the mouth, and it is mucus secreting.
Salivary glands moisten food, dissolving chemicals that stimulate the taste buds, and help turn food into a bolus to aid swallowing.

The Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose and nasal cavity have the main role of enabling the sense of smell.
They also form the upper portion of the respiratory tract, moisten and warm the inspired air, filter the air to remove foreign particles, and act as a resonating chamber for speech.

The Nose

The external nose is the portion that protrudes from the face and is framed by cartilage covered by skin.
The nose can vary considerably in size.

Lips and Cheeks

Lips are musculofibrous folds containing the orbicularis oris, and have a multiple role, including acting as a sphincter, grasping food, suckling, speech, etc.
The lips are supplied by the upper and lower labial arteries (from facial), and innervated by the labial nerves (upper from infra-orbital, CN V2, and lower from mental, CN V3).
The cheeks are continuous with the lips and make up the movable walls of the oral cavity, and are involved in suckling, facial expression, speech, etc.
The cheeks are supplied by the buccal arteries (branches of the maxillary) and innervated by the buccal branches (of the mandibular).

Muscles of the Cheeks and Lips

The muscles of the cheeks and lips include the orbicularis oris, buccinator, and others.

Nerve Supply to the Muscles of the Oral Cavity

The muscles in the lateral walls are supplied by the facial nerve.
The floor has a more complex nerve supply, including the geniohyoid (supplied by fibers from C1), the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric (supplied by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal).

Nerve Supply to the Mucosa of the Oral Cavity

The mucous membrane of the roof is supplied by branches of the maxillary nerve.
The lateral walls and floor are supplied by branches of the mandibular division (lingual branch) of the trigeminal.

Contents of the Oral Cavity

The oral cavity contains teeth, tongue, ducts of the salivary glands, and communicates with the oropharynx.

The Permanent Dentition

There are 32 permanent teeth that erupt between 6 and 18 years.
The primary role of teeth is to cut (aka incise) food, break it down mechanically, and assist with speech.
The teeth are supplied by alveolar branches of the maxillary (upper) and mandibular nerve (lower).

The Tongue

The tongue is a special sense organ involved primarily with taste, but also with mastication, deglutition, speech, and oral cleansing.
The tongue has three main parts: a root, body, and apex (tip).
The anterior 2/3 of the tongue rests within the oral cavity, while the posterior 1/3 lies in the oropharynx.

Nerve Supply to the Tongue

The muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus.
The anterior 2/3 of the tongue receives general sensation and taste via the lingual nerve (CN V3) and the chorda tympani (CN VII), respectively.
The posterior 1/3 and the vallate papillae are supplied by the lingual branch of CN IX.

Blood Supply to the Tongue

The tongue receives blood primarily via the lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery.
The artery runs deep to the hypoglossus muscle.

Venous Drainage of the Tongue

The dorsum and sides of the tongue are drained by the posterior lingual veins, which lead to the lingual vein, and ultimately to the internal jugular vein.
The remainder is drained by the deep lingual and sublingual veins, which join and lead to the lingual vein.

Lymphatic Drainage of the Tongue

The lymphatic drainage of the tongue is done in regions, each taking a different route, but ultimately draining to the deep cervical nodes, and then into the general circulation at the venous angles (jugular and subclavian).

Salivary Glands

The parotid duct enters the mouth near the upper 2nd molar tooth, secreting serous fluids.
The submandibular gland duct enters the floor of the mouth, producing a mixed secretion of both serous and mucous fluids.
The sublingual gland has 16-20 short ducts that open into the floor of the mouth, secreting mucus.
These major glands moisten food, dissolve chemicals, and stimulate taste buds, helping to break down food into a bolus for swallowing.
Saliva contains enzymes that begin the process of digestion.

The Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose and nasal cavity enable the sense of smell.
They also form the upper portion of the respiratory tract, moisten and warm inspired air, filter out foreign particles, and act as a resonating chamber for speech.

The Nose

The external nose protrudes from the face and is made of cartilage covered by skin.
The nose can vary in size, but all have a thick skin covering the cartilage, extending into the nasal opening (nares) where thick hairs help filter incoming air.

The Nasal Cavity

The nasal cavity is an irregularly shaped cavity bordered by the palatine bone (floor) and the cribiform plate (roof), separating it from the oral cavity and cranial cavity.
The cavity is divided into left and right by the nasal septum and communicates anteriorly with the external nose and posteriorly with the nasal part of the pharynx.
The wall is lined by a mucosal layer that traps dust, bacteria, and other particles, which are then propelled towards the nasopharynx by cilia.

The Nasal Cavity Structure

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity shows three circular tube-like protrusions called conchae, which force incoming air to swirl around, slowing it down and warming it.
The nasal cavity also features paranasal sinuses, which are empty but have mucus-excreting epithelium in their walls, helping to moisten the surface of the nasal cavity and incoming air.

The Nasal Cavity Vessels and Nerves

The 'VAN' of the nasal cavity refers to the veins, arteries, and nerves that supply the nasal cavity.
The veins form a plexus leading to the ophthalmic, sphenopalatine, and facial veins.
The arteries include the ophthalmic, maxillary, and facial arteries.
The nerves include the ophthalmic (anterosuperior) and maxillary (postero-inferior) nerves.

Lips and Cheeks

The lips and cheeks surround the oral cavity, with the lips having multiple roles, including acting as a sphincter, grasping food, suckling, speech, etc.
The lips are described as musculofibrous folds, containing the orbicularis oris muscle, accompanying vessels, and nerves.
The cheeks are continuous with the lips and make up the movable walls of the oral cavity, enclosing muscle (principally the buccinators) that are encapsulated by fat.

Muscles of the Lips and Cheeks

The muscles of the lips and cheeks include the orbicularis oris, buccinator, and others.
The buccinator's role is to push the cheek towards the teeth, preventing food from squeezing into the vestibule during chewing.

Nerve Supply to the Muscles of the Oral Cavity

The muscles in the lateral walls of the oral cavity are supplied by the facial nerve.
The floor has a more complex nerve supply, including the geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of digastric.

Nerve Supply to the Mucosa of the Oral Cavity

The mucous membrane of the roof of the oral cavity is supplied by branches of the maxillary nerve.
The lateral walls and floor are supplied by branches of the mandibular division (lingual branch) of the trigeminal nerve.

Contents of the Oral Cavity

The oral cavity contains teeth, tongue, ducts of the salivary glands, and communicates with the oropharynx.

The Permanent Dentition

There are 32 permanent teeth that erupt between 6 and 18 years.
The primary role of teeth is to cut food, break it down mechanically, and assist with speech.
The teeth are supplied by alveolar branches of the maxillary and mandibular nerves.

The Tongue

The tongue is a special sense organ involved in taste, mastication, deglutition, speech, and oral cleansing.
The tongue has three main parts: the root, body, and apex (tip).
The anterior 2/3 of the tongue (the body) rests within the oral cavity, while the posterior 1/3 (the root) lies in the oropharynx.

Nerve Supply to the Tongue

Innervation of the tongue is complex, considering both its roles in taste and mastication (muscle movement).
All muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve.
The palatoglossus is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus.
The anterior 2/3 of the tongue receives general sensation (touch and temperature) via the lingual nerve, a branch of CN V3, and taste is via the chorda tympani (from CN VII).

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This quiz covers the structure and function of salivary glands, including the parotid duct and openings of sublingual and submandibular glands.

Anatomy of Salivary Glands

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the salivary glands?

What type of secretions do the sublingual glands produce?

Where does the duct of the parotid salivary gland enter the mouth?

What is the role of the minor salivary glands?

What is the function of the nose in the respiratory tract?

What is the frame of the external nose made of?

What is the role of saliva in digestion?

What is the function of the nose in speech?

What is the primary function of the orbicularis oris muscle?

Which nerves are responsible for innervating the upper lip?

What is the primary blood supply to the cheeks?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lips?

What is the anatomical term for the muscle that surrounds the oral opening?

What is the term for the movable walls of the oral cavity?

Which of the following arteries supplies the lower lip?

What is the term for the musculofibrous folds that make up the lips?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the tongue?

Which vein is responsible for draining the dorsum and sides of the tongue?

What is the ultimate destination of lymphatic drainage from the tongue?

What is the primary stimulus for salivation from the large salivary glands?

Which of the following muscles is the lingual artery deep to?

What is the route of venous drainage from the deep lingual and sublingual veins?

What is the primary function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

How many pairs of large salivary glands are there?

What is the ultimate destination of blood from the lingual artery?

Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the palatoglossus muscle?

What is the primary function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Which nerve is responsible for the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Which part of the tongue is supplied by the lingual branch of CN IX?

What is the function of the chorda tympani in relation to the tongue?

Which muscle is responsible for changing the position of the tongue in the oral cavity?

What is the innervation of the muscles of the tongue, except for the palatoglossus?

What is the primary function of the buccinator?

What is the main difference between the nerve supply to the mucosa of the roof and the lateral walls and floor of the oral cavity?

What is the primary function of the teeth?

What is the significance of the vermilion border?

What is the role of the lips in the oral cavity?

What is the location of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

How many permanent teeth are there in the human oral cavity?

What is the structure that covers most of the tooth?

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

What is the significance of the ducts of the salivary glands in the oral cavity?

Where do the ducts of the sublingual gland open into?

What is the type of secretion produced by the submandibular gland?

What is the function of the minor salivary glands?

What is the role of saliva in digestion?

What is the function of the nose in the respiratory tract?

What is the frame of the external nose made of?

What is the role of the salivary glands in the oral cavity?

What is the function of the nose in speech?

What is the function of the buccinators?

What is the origin of the upper and lower labial arteries?

What is the term for the musculofibrous folds that make up the lips?

What is the nerve supply to the upper lip?

What is the role of the orbicularis oris muscle?

What is the blood supply to the cheeks?

What nerve supplies the lower lip?

What is the primary function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

What is the term for the movable walls of the oral cavity?

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses in the nasal cavity?

What is the function of the mucosal layer in the nasal cavity?

What is the purpose of the nasal septum in the nasal cavity?

What is the function of the hairs in the nares?

What is the location of the nasal cavity in relation to the oral cavity?

What is the function of the cribiform plate in the nasal cavity?

What is the function of the plexus leading to the ophthalmic, sphenopalatine, and facial veins?

What is the primary function of the buccinator muscle?

Which nerve supplies the mucous membrane of the roof of the oral cavity?

What is the term for the transitional zone between the skin and mucous membrane of the lips?

How many permanent teeth are present in the human oral cavity?

What is the primary function of the teeth?

What is the location of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

What is the structure that covers most of the tooth?

What is the primary function of the lips in the oral cavity?

What is the main difference between the nerve supply to the mucosa of the roof and the lateral walls and floor of the oral cavity?