Anatomy of Pelvis: Sex Differences

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the pelvis

Protects the thoracic viscera

Contains and supports the abdominal viscera

Provides attachment for head and neck muscles

Transmits the weight of the body from the vertebral column to the femur (correct)

What forms the posterior wall of the pelvis

Sacrum, coccyx, and piriformis muscle (correct)

Ilium, ischium, and pubis bones

Lumbar vertebrae and piriformis muscle

Femur and patella bones

What is the function of the false pelvis

Supports the abdominal contents (correct)

Provides attachment for lower limb muscles

Transmits the weight of the body from the vertebral column to the femur

Supports the pelvic viscera

What forms the pelvic brim

Posterior: sacral promontory, Anterior: upper surface of symphysis pubis, Lateral: ileopectineal line Signup and view all the answers

What bounds the pelvic outlet anteriorly

Pubic arch Signup and view all the answers

What is located between the pelvic inlet and outlet

Pelvic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What forms the anterior wall of the pelvis

Posterior surfaces of the pubic bones, pubic rami, and symphysis pubis Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the pelvic inlet in females?

Oval Signup and view all the answers

What is the sacrum

Part of the vertebral column that forms the posterior wall of the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the pelvic outlet in females compared to males?

It is larger Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the pelvic cavity in females and males?

The female pelvic cavity is roomier Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the sacrum in females compared to males?

It is shorter, wider, and flatter Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?

To divide the pelvis into the pelvic cavity and perineum Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the levator ani muscle?

The back of the body of the pubis and the tendinous arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the intermediate fibers of the levator ani muscle?

The perineal body Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the iliococcygeus muscle?

To pass posteriorly to be inserted into the coccyx and anococcygeal body Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women have a gynecoid pelvis type?

41% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pelvis is characterized by a wide pelvis flattened at the brim, with the promontory of the sacrum pushed forward?

Platypelloid Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible result of injury to the pelvic floor during a difficult childbirth?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pelvis is more common in black females?

Anthropoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a contracted outlet in the android pelvis type?

Difficulty during childbirth Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical shape of the anthropoid pelvis type?

Long, narrow, and oval Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pelvis Structure and Function

The pelvis is the region of the trunk below the abdomen, with main functions: transmitting weight from the vertebral column to the femur, containing and supporting pelvic viscera, and providing attachment for trunk and lower limb muscles.
The bony pelvis is composed of four bones: two hip bones (lateral and anterior wall) and sacrum and coccyx (posterior wall).

Pelvis Divisions

The pelvis is divided into two parts by the pelvic brim: above the brim is the false pelvis, and below the brim is the true pelvis.
The pelvic brim is formed by: sacral promontory (posterior), upper surface of symphysis pubis (anterior), and ileopectineal line (lateral).

False Pelvis

The false pelvis is part of the abdominal cavity, supporting the abdominal contents.
It is bounded by: lumbar vertebrae (posterior), lower part of the anterior abdominal wall (anterior), and iliac fossa and iliacus (lateral).

True Pelvis

The true pelvis has an inlet, an outlet, and a cavity.
The pelvic inlet is the pelvic brim.
The pelvic outlet is bounded by: pubic arch (anterior), ischial tuberosities (lateral), and coccyx (posterior).
The pelvic cavity is a short, curved canal with a shallow anterior wall and deep posterior wall.

Pelvic Walls

The anterior wall is formed by posterior surfaces of the bodies of the pubic bones, pubic rami, and symphysis pubis.
The posterior wall is a long, curved wall formed by sacrum, coccyx, and piriformis muscle with their covering of parietal pelvic fascia.

Pelvic Diaphragm

The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the levator ani muscles and small coccygeus muscles and their coverings fascia.
It is incomplete anteriorly to allow passage of the urethra in males and the urethra and vagina in females.
The levator ani muscle has a linear origin from: back of the body of the pubis, tendinous arch formed by a thickening of the fascia covering the obturator internus, and spine of the ischium.

Pelvic Inlet and Outlet

The pelvic inlet is oval in females and heart-shaped in males.
The pelvic outlet is larger in females than in males.

Pelvic Cavity

The pelvic cavity is roomier in females than in males, and the distance between the inlet and outlet is much shorter.

Sacrum

The sacrum is shorter, wider, and flatter in females than in males.

Pubic Arch

The pubic arch is more rounded and wider in females than in males.

Pelvic Deformities

Pelvic deformities are more common in women who have grown up in a poor environment and are undernourished.
Pelvis types: gynecoid, android, anthropoid, and platypelloid.

Injury to the Pelvic Floor

Injury to the pelvic floor during a difficult childbirth can result in the loss of support for the pelvic viscera leading to uterine and vaginal prolapse, herniation of the bladder, and alteration in the position of the bladder neck and urethra, leading to stress incontinence.

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Description

This quiz covers the differences in the anatomy of the pelvis between males and females, including the shape of the pelvic inlet, outlet, and cavity.