Anatomy of Nervous Tissue Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual nerve fibers?

Perineurium

Epineurium

Myelin Sheath

Endoneurium (correct)

What type of neuron is found in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG)?

Pseudounipolar (correct)

Multipolar

Bipolar

Unipolar

If a nerve is dissected, what is the outer layer visible to the naked eye?

Epineurium (correct)

Perineurium

Myelin Sheath

Endoneurium

Which of the following best describes the relationship between nerve fiber diameter and conduction velocity?

Larger diameter fibers have faster conduction velocities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the primary sensory neurons?

Processing signals within the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What are the approximate ranges of fiber diameters and conduction velocities, according to the memorization tip?

Multiples of 6 Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerve fibers are the first to be activated when a very perceptible stimulus is applied to a nerve?

Aα fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of connective tissue surrounds fascicles within a nerve?

Perineurium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of somatosensory receptors?

To detect different types of stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the specific type of stimulus that a sensory neuron will detect?

The specific receptor class in the nerve terminal. Signup and view all the answers

Which category of somatosensory receptors is primarily responsible for detecting changes in temperature?

Thermal receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nociceptors within the somatosensory system?

To signal tissue damage and pain. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a rapidly adapting receptor?

A receptor that only activates at the start of a stimulus, and then stops. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of muscle and skeletal receptors in the somatosensory system?

To register body position and movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting touch, pressure, and vibration in the skin?

Cutaneous and subcutaneous mechanoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

How do rapidly adapting receptors respond to a continuous stimulus?

They quickly stop responding Signup and view all the answers

Which TRP channel is activated by a co-activator found in Efficascent oil?

TRPV3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway?

Transmission of vibration and position sense Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of conduction velocity of C fibers that mediate pruritus?

0.5 m/s Signup and view all the answers

Where does the decussation of the fibers in the dorsal column pathway occur?

Medulla Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a known co-activator for TRPV channels?

Menthol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason scratching provides temporary relief from itch?

It activates inhibitory interneurons and releases GABA Signup and view all the answers

Which of these pathways gives clues to help determine the area of localization for a sensory stimulus?

Both anterolateral and dorsal column pathways Signup and view all the answers

Pruritogens initiate which of the following process?

Transmission of itch sensation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endogenous opioid peptides?

To act as natural painkillers Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a major class of opioid receptors?

Gamma (γ) Signup and view all the answers

Which endogenous opioid peptide predominantly binds to the mu (μ) receptor?

β-endorphin Signup and view all the answers

Which propeptide is the precursor to met-enkephalin?

Proenkephalin Signup and view all the answers

Where are opioid receptors primarily located in the body?

Brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid peptide is NOT explicitly listed as being derived from POMC?

Met-enkephalin Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is known to respond preferentially to enkephalins?

Delta (δ) Signup and view all the answers

According to the table, which of the following opioids prefers mu receptors?

β-endorphin, endomorphin-1, and endomorphin-2 Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of primary nociceptive neurons located?

Dorsal root ganglia or trigeminal nucleus Signup and view all the answers

In which Rexed lamina are nociception-specific neurons located in the dorsal horn?

Lamina I Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a specific ascending pathway of nociception?

Spinothalamic tract Signup and view all the answers

The convergence of visceral and somatic afferent fibers onto a single DRG leads to which phenomenon?

Referred pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of referred pain?

Pain in the left shoulder during a heart attack Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the anterolateral system?

Corticospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'McBurney’s Point'?

The point on the abdomen where tenderness is most painful with appendicitis Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, how does the brain perceive the origin of noxious stimuli in cases of referred pain?

The brain is unsure if noxious stimuli originate from skin or a visceral organ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neuropeptides is associated with the kappa opioid receptor?

Dynorphin A Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a known product of prodynorphin?

Leu-enkephalin Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is primarily transmitted through Rexed lamina I and II?

Nociception Signup and view all the answers

Which cutaneous mechanoreceptor is most sensitive to vibrations?

Pacinian Corpuscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the descending monoaminergic pathways?

To modulate pain signals within the spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerve fiber classes has the largest diameter?

Alpha Signup and view all the answers

Which Brodmann area is NOT considered part of the primary somatosensory cortex?

5 Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve fiber class is responsible for the slowest conduction velocity?

C Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Somatosensory System: Receptors and Pathways

The somatosensory system integrates sensory information from the body (skin, muscles, joints) and transmits it to the brain. It includes receptors for touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception.
Primary sensory neurons, located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), receive signals from receptors and transmit them to the spinal cord or brainstem.
Sensory fibers are classified by size and conduction velocity.
- Larger diameter fibers (e.g., Aα) have faster conduction velocities, transmitting signals rapidly.
- Smaller diameter fibers (e.g., C fibers) have slower conduction velocities, transmitting less urgent signals.
Peripheral nerves have multiple layers of connective tissue—endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium—surrounding individual nerve fibers, fascicles, and groups of fascicles respectively.

Mechanoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical stimuli like pressure, stretch, and vibration.
Examples of mechanoreceptors include:
- Meissner corpuscles (rapidly adapting, superficial): detect light touch and flutter.
- Merkel cells (slowly adapting, superficial): detect sustained touch and pressure.
- Pacinian corpuscles (rapidly adapting, deep): detect vibration and deep pressure.
- Ruffini endings (slowly adapting, deep): detect skin stretch and sustained pressure.

Thermal Receptors

Thermal receptors respond to temperature changes.
Receptors for cold and warm sensations exist.

Nociceptors

Nociceptors respond to noxious stimuli (pain).
They are classified as thermal, mechanical, or polymodal.

Pain Pathways

Pain signals are transmitted to the brain via the spinothalamic and spinoreticular tracts.
The gate-control theory proposes that activation of non-nociceptive fibers (e.g., touch fibers, Aβ) can modulate pain signals.

Proprioceptors

Proprioceptors detect the position and movement of the body.
- Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are examples of proprioceptors.

Somatosensory Cortex

The somatosensory cortex (S1), located in the parietal lobe, receives and processes somatosensory information.
It receives input from the thalamus.
Parts of the body are mapped onto specific areas of the cortex.
Lesions in the parietal lobe can affect both sensory and motor function.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the structure and function of nerve tissues. This quiz covers essential topics, including connective tissue layers surrounding nerve fibers, types of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, and the properties of somatosensory receptors. Challenge yourself with questions on nerve fiber activation and sensory neuron functions.