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Questions and Answers
What is the location of the mesial ∆ fossa in relation to the mesial marginal ridge?
How many pits are present on the mandibular first molar?
What is the shape of the occlusal outline of the mandibular second molar?
How many roots are present on the mandibular second molar?
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What is the characteristic of the buccal aspect of the mandibular second molar?
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What is the characteristic of the lingual aspect of the mandibular second molar?
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What is the characteristic of the mesial aspect of the mandibular second molar?
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What is the characteristic of the distal aspect of the mandibular second molar?
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What is the shape of the occlusal surface of the mandibular second molar?
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What is the characteristic of the central groove of the mandibular second molar?
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Study Notes
Mandibular Molars
- There are 3 mandibular molars in each side of the upper and lower jaw, labeled as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd.
Mandibular 1st Molar
- The largest tooth of all mandibular molars.
- Principal identifying features: • Five cusps: 2 buccal, 2 lingual, and 1 distal. • The buccal surface is bulky (lingually inclined) with two developmental grooves. • The crown is wider mesiodistally than buccolingually. • Occlusal outline is rectangular in shape. • Two well-developed roots: one mesial and one distal. • Roots are broad buccolingually.
Buccal Aspect
- Mesial contact area is at the junction of the occlusal and middle thirds.
- Distal contact area is a little lower than the mesial contact area.
- Cervical line is regular, curving apically.
- Two developmental grooves between the cusps acting as lines of division between the buccal cusps.
Lingual Aspect
- Three cusps seen: mesiolingual, distolingual, and lingual portion of the distal cusp.
- Mesiolingual cusp is the widest mesiodistally and has the highest cusp tip.
- Distal cusp is the lowest.
- Lingual developmental groove extends downward for about 1/3 of the crown length.
Mesial Aspect
- Crown is rhomboidal with a lingual tilt of the buccal outline.
- Buccal outline of the crown is convex at the cervical thirds (buccal cervical ridge).
- Lingual outline is less convex, with the crest of curvature at the center of the middle third.
- Cervical line is irregular, higher lingually than buccally.
Distal Aspect
- Crown is shorter distally than mesially.
- Most of the buccal, lingual, and occlusal surfaces can be seen from the distal aspect.
- Distal cusp is located buccal to the tooth long axis.
- Distal marginal ridge is short and curves cervically to form an obtuse angle.
Occlusal Aspect
- Crown is polygon in shape, mesiodistally longer by 1mm than buccolingually.
- Buccolingual measurement of the crown is greater on mesial than on distal.
- Mesiodistal measurement is greater on buccal than on lingual.
- More of the buccal surface of the crown can be seen than of the lingual surface.
- Five cusps: mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual, distobuccal, and distal.
Developmental Grooves and Fossae
- Four developmental grooves: central, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and lingual.
- Three fossae: central, mesial Δ, and distal Δ.
- Three pits: central, mesial, and distal.
Root
- Root trunk, mesial root, and distal root.
- Mandibular first molar anomalies.
Mandibular Second Molar
- Principal identifying features: • Rounded square occlusal outline. • Four cusps: 2 buccal and 2 lingual. • Not as wide mesiodistally as 6. • Buccal aspect has one groove. • Many supplemental grooves on the occlusal surface. • Two roots which are less broad than 6 and close together.
Buccal Aspect
- Crown is shorter and narrower mesiodistally than 6.
- There is one developmental groove dividing the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusps which are equal in size.
Lingual Aspect
- Only the lingual cusps are in view because the tips of the lingual cusps are higher than the buccal cusps.
Mesial Aspect
- Cervical ridge buccally is less pronounced, and the occlusal surface is constricted buccolingually.
- Cervical line shows no curvature.
- The 2 roots may be seen from this aspect.
Distal Aspect
- Absence of distal cusp and distobuccal groove.
- Most of the occlusal surface can be seen from this aspect.
Occlusal Aspect
- Roughly rectangular.
- Central groove is in the center, with the lingual and buccal developmental grooves meeting at right angle.
- Four cusps: 2 buccal and 2 lingual.
- Many supplemental grooves radiating from the developmental grooves.
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Description
This quiz covers the characteristics and features of permanent mandibular molars, including their structure and identification. Learn about the largest teeth in the jaw and their distinguishing features.
