Anatomy of Joints and Bones

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the periosteal elevators during bone fracture repair?

To stabilize the joint during surgery

To strip away the periosteal layer (correct)

To provide structural support to the bone

To increase blood supply to the bone

Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff in the shoulder?

Supraspinatus

Biceps Brachii (correct)

Infraspinatus

Subscapularis

What forms the socket known as the acetabulum in the hip joint?

Pubis, ilium, and ischium (correct)

Femur, tibia, and fibula

Illium and sacrum

Femur and patella

What are the two articulations that the knee joint consists of?

Femur and tibial plateau, patella and femur Signup and view all the answers

Which structure provides stability to the hip joint?

Capsule, ligaments, and muscles Signup and view all the answers

Where is the median nerve located in the human body?

In the palm of the hand Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments reinforce the knee capsule?

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the ankle joint?

It is a hinge joint formed by the tibia and fibula Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tapping the hole in the bone fixation sequence?

To create a stable canal for the screw Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following positions is NOT commonly used for orthopedic surgical patients?

Sitting Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is primarily used to stabilize the fracture during bone fixation?

Bone holder Signup and view all the answers

How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human body?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the limb draping process?

Bone Ronger Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of a depth gauge during orthopedic surgery?

To measure the depth for proper screw length Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the human foot's anatomy?

Thoracic vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is primarily responsible for the connection between vertebral bodies?

Cartilage joint Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to verify during the surgical safety checklist?

Correct operative side and site Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is typically used to retract tissues during orthopedic procedures?

Hommann retractor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of utilizing a tourniquet during knee arthroscopy?

To minimize blood flow and reduce bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which type of meniscus tear most likely requires suturing during repair?

Tear in the vascular zone Signup and view all the answers

In ACL repairs, what is the most commonly used graft source?

Patellar tendon graft Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indicator for performing knee arthroscopy?

Diagnostic viewing and repair of knee structures Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of a torn anterior cruciate ligament?

Joint instability during activities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical procedural step in meniscus tear repair?

Injecting corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What level of anesthesia may be used for knee arthroscopy?

General, Spinal, or Local anesthesia can be applied Signup and view all the answers

What type of tears are typically addressed during a knee arthroscopy?

Torn medial collateral and medial meniscus ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of normal saline during an arthroscopic procedure?

To irrigate and maintain joint space visibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of preserving knee structures during meniscus repair?

To enhance joint function and load distribution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing a lumbar laminectomy?

To relieve pressure on the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is specifically used for the removal of lamina bone during spinal surgery?

Kerrison rongeur Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical patient positioning consideration during spine surgery?

The patient is generally positioned in the prone position. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for spinal fusion?

Acute lumbar pain due to muscle strain Signup and view all the answers

What role do Harrington Rods play in spinal fusion surgery?

Serve as internal splints to stabilize and straighten the spine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cannulated tap in the procedure for inserting cannulated screws?

To create a hole in the bone for the screw Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the design of unipolar endoprostheses?

They are single union implants without an inner head. Signup and view all the answers

In a Total Hip Replacement procedure, what is the first part of the anatomy that is prepared?

The acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using fluoroscopy during the cannulated screw insertion process?

To visualize the placement of screws in real-time Signup and view all the answers

How can a modular method benefit a Bilateral Total Hip Replacement procedure?

It helps maintain symmetry and alignment in the legs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical step immediately following the excision of the femoral head during Total Hip Replacement?

Preparing the acetabulum for the socket implant Signup and view all the answers

What type of instruments are predominantly used in orthopedic spine surgery?

Soft tissue and basic ortho instrument set Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial for the femoral head prosthetic replacement to reduce motion and friction?

Incorporating an acetabular lining made from polyethylene Signup and view all the answers

What guideline is followed when measuring the guide wires for screw insertion?

They must be measured for the correct length based on the bone anatomy. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Repair and Joint Structure

Periosteal elevators are used to strip the periosteal layer during bone fracture repair.
The synovial membrane lines all articulating surfaces of joints.

Shoulder and Upper Extremity

Shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, consisting of four rotator cuff muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.
Humerus is the longest bone in the upper extremity, connecting the shoulder joint capsule at the proximal end and the ulna and radius at the distal end.

Wrist and Hand

The wrist and hand comprise eight carpals, fourteen metacarpals, and phalanges.
Median nerve runs through the palm, extending beneath the wrist.

Hip Joint

The hip joint includes a capsule, ligaments, and muscles for stability.
Hip bone is made up of ilium, pubis, and ischium, forming the acetabulum which articulates with the femur.
Greater trochanter serves as an insertion point for abductor muscles; lesser trochanter is for the iliopsoas muscle.

Knee Joint

Composed of two articulations: one between the femur and tibial plateau, another between the patella and femur.
The knee joint capsule is connected to femoral condyles and tibia/fibula condyles, reinforced by MCL and LCL ligaments.
Menisci (medial and lateral) enhance stability, while anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) provide additional reinforcement.

Ankle and Foot

Ankle is a hinge joint formed by the tibia and fibula.
Comprises seven tarsal bones, five metatarsal bones, and fourteen phalanges.

Spine

Vertebrae create the longitudinal skeleton axis, with connections providing mobility.
Comprising seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae; sacrum and coccyx are fused.

Nursing Assessment in Orthopedic Surgery

Correct operative side and site must be marked by the surgeon, verified during surgical safety checklist.
Aseptic technique is crucial in orthopedic surgeries.

Patient Positioning

Patient's position during orthopedic surgery varies: supine, lateral, or Fowler's position.
Spinal patients require prone positioning with careful padding to prevent injury.

Instrumentation and Counting

Common orthopedic instruments: periosteal elevators, rongeurs, and retractors.
Essential sequence for bone fixation includes holding the bone, drilling, tapping, and screwing.
A minor count is mandatory for all orthopedic procedures.

Arthroscopy of the Knee

Common diagnostic and treatment method for knee issues including ACL reconstruction and meniscus repair.
Tourniquet may be applied during the procedure; injuries frequently involve MCL and ACL.

Meniscal Tear Repair

Meniscus stabilizes the knee and distributes load; repair typically involves cutting and debriding tears.
Sutures may be used for vascular zone tears, followed by joint irrigation.

ACL Repair

Crucial stabilizing ligament often torn from rotational stress; common in active individuals.
Repair involves using patellar tendon graft; fluoroscopy helps confirm screw placement.

Total Hip Replacement (THR)

This involves using a metal-ceramic prosthesis for femoral head fractures, designed to reduce friction.
Involves preparing the acetabulum and femur, potentially using bone cement for prosthesis fixation.

Spinal Surgery

Commonly performed on lumbar and cervical regions to address injuries and degenerative conditions.
Lumbar laminectomy removes disc pressure from the spinal cord; spinal fusion treats scoliosis.

Key Instruments for Spine Surgery

Involves tools such as Kerrison rongeur for lamina removal, and pituitary rongeur for disc extraction.
Jackson table aids in positioning, while warming blankets mitigate risk of hypothermia.

Spinal Fusion Overview

Addresses scoliosis, often in adolescents where curvature is still flexible.
Harrington rods stabilize and straighten the spine during the procedure.

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Description

Explore the intricate details of bone repair and joint structures through this quiz. Covering essential topics such as the shoulder, upper extremity, wrist, hand, and hip joint, this quiz will enhance your understanding of human anatomy. Perfect for students of anatomy and healthcare professionals.