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Questions and Answers
The Lund and Browder Chart is not suitable for estimating burn sizes less than 15% TBSA.
False
The Wallace Chart is more accurate than the Lund and Browder Chart for estimating burn sizes.
False
In the Lund and Browder Chart, the percentages for the anterior and posterior parts of limbs are separate.
True
Superficial dermal burns are characterized by delayed bleeding on a pin prick.
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Deep dermal burns are likely to develop small blisters.
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Full thickness burns are also known as 2nd degree burns.
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Burns that do not show any sensation are classified as superficial dermal burns.
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Scarring is common in superficial (epidermal) burns.
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Full thickness burns may have a dry white or leathery appearance.
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4th degree burns are recognized as official nomenclature in burn classification.
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Study Notes
Skin Structure and Function
- The skin is the largest organ of the human body, comprising 16% of a person's total body weight.
- The skin protects the body from external environmental stimuli and has a metabolic function.
- It forms the functional boundary between the external environment and the internal environment of the body, participating in the maintenance of homeostasis.
Skin Composition
- The skin is composed of the epidermis and the dermis, which are structurally distinguishable.
- The epidermis consists of tough stratified squamous epithelium and does not contain blood vessels.
- The dermis is composed of dense connective tissue.
Epidermis Layers
- Stratum Corneum: flat, composed of thick keratinized layers of dead squamous epithelial cells, accounting for up to 75% of the epidermal thickness.
- Stratum Lucidum: a thin, translucent layer present only in thick skin, lacks nuclei and organelles.
- Stratum Granulosum: composed of three to four layers of flattened cells, contains irregular granules of keratohyalin.
- Stratum Spinosum: consists of several layers of polygonal cells, contains large oval nuclei, and undergoes occasional mitosis.
- Stratum Basale: a single layer of columnar epithelial cells placed on the surface of the dermis.
Integumentary Glands and Accessories
- Hair: a thin and flexible filament produced by hair follicle, contributes to maintaining body temperature and perceiving touch sensation.
- Mammary Glands: modified sweat glands lying in the subcutaneous tissue, found in female breasts.
- Fingernails and Toenails: firm plates formed in the stratum corneum, consist of highly compressed and keratinized dead cells.
- Sebaceous Glands: developed from the follicular epithelium of the hair, secrete serum, and are widely distributed over the skin except for the palms and soles.
- Sweat Glands: widely distributed over the skin except for the lips, nipples, and external genital organs, secrete sweat to the surface of the skin.
Wound Healing and Burns
- Causes of wounds can be classified according to the types of forces applied to the skin: shearing, tension, and compression.
- Shearing wound: occurs when tissue is cut or torn with a sharp object, carries a low risk of inflammation.
- Tension wound: occurs when a blunt object hits the skin at a diagonal angle, can cause ischemia or necrosis.
- Burn classification: based on burn depth, including superficial (epidermal), superficial dermal, deep dermal, and full-thickness burns.
- Lund and Browder Chart: used to estimate burn sizes, especially in children.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structures and functions of the integumentary system, which is the largest organ of the human body. Learn about how the skin protects the body, its metabolic functions, and its role in maintaining homeostasis.
