Anatomy of Inguinal Canal

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Where does the superficial ring of the inguinal canal lie?

Adjacent and medial to the pubic tubercle (correct)

At the lateral edge of the deep ring

Above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

Behind the cord

What structures does the inguinal canal transmit in males and females?

Spermatic cord in both males and females

Spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females (correct)

Round ligament in males and spermatic cord in females

Round ligament in both males and females

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

External oblique aponeurosis (correct)

Conjoint tendon

Internal oblique muscle

Transversus abdominis muscle

Where do the inferior epigastric vessels lie in relation to the deep ring of the inguinal canal?

At the medial edge of the deep ring in the posterior wall Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is sensory to the scrotum, labia, and thigh, and lies in the spermatic cord in the inguinal canal?

Ilio-inguinal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is formed during early development as the testis traverses the inguinal canal to the scrotum?

Tunica vaginalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of a transverse incision in the abdomen?

It ensures excellent healing of the scar Signup and view all the answers

Why are transverse incisions particularly useful in the upper abdomen for gall bladder operations?

They provide a strong incision without cutting muscles across-wise Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Pfannenstiel incision in pelvic operations?

To approach pelvic organs without entering the peritoneum Signup and view all the answers

Why are kidneys best approached from the loin through the bed of the 12th rib?

To prevent entering the pleural cavity Signup and view all the answers

Why are incisions in the abdomen usually closed with a non-absorbable suture like nylon?

To ensure long-term closure strength Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of a Pfannenstiel incision compared to other types of abdominal incisions?

It follows skin creases for better scar healing Signup and view all the answers

What type of incision is commonly performed and allows excellent access to all parts of the abdomen?

Paramedian incision Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is divided during a paramedian incision to access the abdominal cavity?

Muscle tendons Signup and view all the answers

What type of incision is usually reserved for appendectomies?

Muscle-splitting 'grid-iron' incision Signup and view all the answers

What is the presentation when a small encysted portion of the processus remains unconnected with the peritoneum or tunica vaginalis?

Hydrocele of the spermatic cord in males Signup and view all the answers

Which incision cuts through the skin and the linea alba without dividing any neurovascular bundles?

Vertical midline incision Signup and view all the answers

During a muscle-splitting 'grid-iron' incision, what fibers are separated after making an oblique skin incision?

External oblique muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

What can cause a hernia to become irreducible?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign that an irreducible hernia may be strangulated?

Onset of pain and systemic upset Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of arterial obstruction in a strangulated hernia?

Gangrene of the bowel Signup and view all the answers

What is the danger of reducing a tender hernia in masse?

Risk of strangulation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'strangulation' mean in the context of a hernia?

Obstruction to the blood supply of the hernia contents Signup and view all the answers

What are indications that the contents of a hernia may be strangulated?

Systemic upset and pain onset Signup and view all the answers

What is a sliding hernia?

A hernia where the sac is composed of bowel that has slid down into it Signup and view all the answers

What is advised for all inguinal hernias, particularly the indirect form?

Consider prophylactic posterior wall repair Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of herniorrhaphy in repairing hernias?

To strengthen the medial part of the posterior wall of the canal Signup and view all the answers

In an adult with an indirect sac, what is advisable to perform during repair?

Prophylactic posterior wall repair Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates direct and indirect hernias during repair?

The presence of an indirect sac Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a hernia that cannot be controlled by pressure over the deep inguinal ring?

Swelling at the medial end of the canal Signup and view all the answers