Anatomy of Glands and Membranes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of mucous membranes?

To facilitate blood flow

To enhance sensory perception

To protect and lubricate surfaces (correct)

To provide structural support to organs

What is a characteristic of mucous membranes?

They are always dry and non-lubricated

They line cavities that open to the exterior (correct)

They consist of only one layer of tissue

They are found exclusively in the digestive system

Which layer is NOT part of a mucous membrane?

Epithelial layer

Adipose tissue layer (correct)

Basement membrane

Lamina propria

The type of epithelium in mucous membranes is primarily dependent on what factor?

The specific site where it is located Signup and view all the answers

Mucous membranes secrete mucus primarily to:

Assist in absorption and secretion Signup and view all the answers

What are the two layers that make up serous membranes?

Simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the location of serous membranes?

They line compartments in the ventral body cavity that are closed to the exterior Signup and view all the answers

What separates the visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes?

Serous fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of serous membranes?

They are typically found in pairs Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in serous membranes?

Simple squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?

Producing sebum Signup and view all the answers

Where are sebaceous glands NOT located?

On the palms Signup and view all the answers

What activates sebaceous glands during puberty?

Increased androgen levels Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

Eccrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What substance do sweat glands produce?

Sweat Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for apocrine sweat glands?

They become active during puberty. Signup and view all the answers

What is one main effect of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Prevents bacteria growth Signup and view all the answers

What common characteristic do eccrine and apocrine glands share?

Both produce sweat. Signup and view all the answers

What is lanugo and when is it observed during development?

A downy hair that covers the body by the fifth or sixth month of fetal development Signup and view all the answers

What is vernix caseosa and when is it typically seen?

An oily covering that is apparent at birth Signup and view all the answers

At what stage do milia commonly appear, and when do they typically disappear?

At birth, disappearing by the third week Signup and view all the answers

Which skin condition is most commonly associated with aging skin?

Pimples, scales, and dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

When does acne typically first appear in individuals?

During adolescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stratum basale?

To anchor the epidermis to the dermis Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick, hairless skin?

Stratum lucidum Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of the epidermis do cells begin to flatten and become more keratinized?

Stratum granulosum Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes the stratum corneum?

It is filled with dead cells filled with keratin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the daughter cells produced in the stratum basale?

They migrate and become keratinized Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of keratin in the skin?

To provide protection and prevent water loss Signup and view all the answers

Which stratum is characterized by the presence of living cells undergoing mitosis?

Stratum basale Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the stratum granulosum?

It features cells that are transitioning to become more keratinized Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sebaceous Glands

Located on all skin except palms and soles.
Produce sebum (oil) which softens and moisturizes skin, prevents hair from becoming brittle and kills bacteria.
Sebaceous glands are activated at puberty by increased androgens.

Sweat Glands

Produce sweat
Located widely throughout the skin.
There are two types of sweat glands: Eccrine and Apocrine glands.

Mucous Membranes

They are moist membranes.
Some mucous membranes secrete mucus for protection and lubrication.
Line all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface.
Adapt for absorption or secretion.
They are composed of two layers: epithelium and loose connective tissue (lamina propria).

Serous Membranes

They line compartments in the ventral body cavity that are closed to the external body
Occur in pairs, separated by serous fluid, with a visceral and parietal layer
They consist of two layers: Simple squamous epithelium and Areolar connective tissue.

Stratum Basale

It is the deepest layer of the epidermis.
Lies next to the dermis.
There is a wavy borderline with the dermis that anchors the two layers together.
Cells undergo mitosis.

Stratum Spinosum

Cells become increasingly flatter and more keratinized.

Stratum Granulosum

Formed from dead cells of deeper layers.

Stratum Lucidum

Only occurs in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet.

Stratum Corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis.
Composed of shingle-like dead cells that are filled with keratin.
This layer prevents water loss from the skin.

Developmental Aspects of Skin

Lanugo, a downy hair, covers the body during the fifth or sixth month of fetal development but disappears by birth.
Vernix caseosa, an oily covering, is present at birth.
Milia, small white spots, are common at birth and disappear by the third week.
Acne may appear during adolescence.
Pimples, scales, and dermatitis are more common with aging skin.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy of various glands such as sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as mucous and serous membranes. It addresses their functions, locations, and structural characteristics. Test your knowledge on the role these components play in the human body.