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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cervix in relation to the uterus?
What is the primary function of the cervix in relation to the uterus?
Which type of placental attachment is characterized by extensive erosion of the endometrium and three fetal tissue layers?
Which type of placental attachment is characterized by extensive erosion of the endometrium and three fetal tissue layers?
What is the term for the arrangement of chorionic villi in a circular plate?
What is the term for the arrangement of chorionic villi in a circular plate?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cervix during mating?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cervix during mating?
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What is the primary function of cornified cells during oestrous?
What is the primary function of cornified cells during oestrous?
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What is the effect of high oestrogen levels on the cervix?
What is the effect of high oestrogen levels on the cervix?
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Which part of the female reproductive system is homologous to the scrotum in males?
Which part of the female reproductive system is homologous to the scrotum in males?
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Which layer of the cervix is composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue?
Which layer of the cervix is composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue?
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What is the term for the type of epithelial cells found in the mucosal layer of the cervix?
What is the term for the type of epithelial cells found in the mucosal layer of the cervix?
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What is the function of the vestibular glands during oestrous?
What is the function of the vestibular glands during oestrous?
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In which species is the cervix funnel-shaped with ridges that have a corkscrew configuration?
In which species is the cervix funnel-shaped with ridges that have a corkscrew configuration?
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What is the primary component of the broad ligament?
What is the primary component of the broad ligament?
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Which blood vessel supplies the ovaries, oviducts, and a portion of the uterine horn?
Which blood vessel supplies the ovaries, oviducts, and a portion of the uterine horn?
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What is the primary function of the uterus in relation to the corpus luteum?
What is the primary function of the uterus in relation to the corpus luteum?
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What is the fate of most PGF2α after one passage through the pulmonary circulation?
What is the fate of most PGF2α after one passage through the pulmonary circulation?
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Which artery supplies the cervix, vagina, and vulva?
Which artery supplies the cervix, vagina, and vulva?
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What is the primary function of the ovary in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the ovary in the female reproductive system?
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Which type of ovary is characterized by a cluster of grapes appearance?
Which type of ovary is characterized by a cluster of grapes appearance?
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What is the outermost layer of the cortex in the ovary?
What is the outermost layer of the cortex in the ovary?
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Which animal is characterized by a polytocous reproductive cycle?
Which animal is characterized by a polytocous reproductive cycle?
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What is the functional layer of the ovary that contains follicles and hormones?
What is the functional layer of the ovary that contains follicles and hormones?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the ovary?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the ovary?
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What is the shape of the ovary in the mare?
What is the shape of the ovary in the mare?
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Which part of the ovary contains blood vessels and nerves?
Which part of the ovary contains blood vessels and nerves?
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What is the term for the layer of cells and tissue associated with ovum production and hormone regulation?
What is the term for the layer of cells and tissue associated with ovum production and hormone regulation?
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Which animal has ovaries that are two or three times larger than those of cows?
Which animal has ovaries that are two or three times larger than those of cows?
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Study Notes
Vaginal Smears
- Vaginal smears can detect oestrous
- Cornified cells at oestrous serve as a lubricating or protective mechanism to prevent abrasions during copulation
Vulva
- External genitalia
- Composed of:
- Labia (inner and outer folds)
- Clitoris (homologous to glans penis in males)
- Vestibular glands (active during oestrous, secreting lubricating mucus)
Vestibule
- Common to urinary and reproductive systems
- Joins vagina at external urethral orifice
- Has a hymen and suburethral diverticulum posteriorly located
Support Structures, Nerves, and Blood Supply
- Broad ligament:
- Has 3 components (Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx, and Mesometrium)
- Principal support structure, suspends ovaries, oviducts, and uterus
- Passage way for blood vessels and nerves
- Autonomic nerves and sensory nerves in the region of the vulva
- Ovarian arteries supply blood to ovaries, oviducts, and a portion of uterine horn
- Middle uterine artery supplies blood to the rest of the uterine horns
- Hypogastric artery supplies cervix, vagina, and vulva
Placentation
- Zonary (chorionic villi arranged in an equatorial belt)
- Discoidal (chorionic villi arranged in a circular plate)
- Placental attachments classified according to the degree of attachments and up to six tissue layers after placentation
- Epitheliochorial (mare, sow, cow, ewe, and doe)
- Hemochorial (primates)
- Hemoendothelial (rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs)
Cervix
- Thick-walled and inelastic
- Continuous with the body of the uterus
- Functions:
- Prevent microbial contamination of the uterus
- Sperm reservoir after mating (cows, ewe, and doe)
- Annular rings (sow, cow, and ewe) help seal the uterus from contaminants
Vagina
- Tubular shaped, thin-walled, and elastic
- Organ of copulation
- Semen is deposited in the anterior end of the vagina in ewe, cow, and doe
Ovaries
- Primary reproductive organ of the female
- Produce ovum and female sex hormones (estrogen and progestins)
- Cow, mare, and ewe are monotocous (1 ovum/estrous cycle)
- Sow is polytocous (10-25 ova/estrous cycle)
- Ovary structure: medulla + cortex
- Cortex contains cells and tissue layers associated with ovum and hormone production
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the female reproductive system, including the vaginal smears, vestibule, vulva, labia, and other related structures.
