26 Questions
What is the primary function of the cervix in relation to the uterus?
To prevent microbial contamination of the uterus
Which type of placental attachment is characterized by extensive erosion of the endometrium and three fetal tissue layers?
Hemochorial
What is the term for the arrangement of chorionic villi in a circular plate?
Discoidal
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cervix during mating?
Regulating ovulation
What is the primary function of cornified cells during oestrous?
To provide lubrication during copulation
What is the effect of high oestrogen levels on the cervix?
It causes the cervix to dilate
Which part of the female reproductive system is homologous to the scrotum in males?
Labia majora
Which layer of the cervix is composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue?
Tunica serosa
What is the term for the type of epithelial cells found in the mucosal layer of the cervix?
Stratified squamous
What is the function of the vestibular glands during oestrous?
To secrete lubricating mucus
In which species is the cervix funnel-shaped with ridges that have a corkscrew configuration?
Sow
What is the primary component of the broad ligament?
All of the above
Which blood vessel supplies the ovaries, oviducts, and a portion of the uterine horn?
Ovarian artery
What is the primary function of the uterus in relation to the corpus luteum?
To control the life of the corpus luteum
What is the fate of most PGF2α after one passage through the pulmonary circulation?
It is readily oxidized and destroyed
Which artery supplies the cervix, vagina, and vulva?
Hypogastric artery
What is the primary function of the ovary in the female reproductive system?
To produce ovum and female sex hormones
Which type of ovary is characterized by a cluster of grapes appearance?
Sow
What is the outermost layer of the cortex in the ovary?
Surface epithelium
Which animal is characterized by a polytocous reproductive cycle?
Sow
What is the functional layer of the ovary that contains follicles and hormones?
Parenchyma
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the ovary?
Produces sperm
What is the shape of the ovary in the mare?
Kidney-shaped
Which part of the ovary contains blood vessels and nerves?
Medulla
What is the term for the layer of cells and tissue associated with ovum production and hormone regulation?
Cortex
Which animal has ovaries that are two or three times larger than those of cows?
Mare
Study Notes
Vaginal Smears
- Vaginal smears can detect oestrous
- Cornified cells at oestrous serve as a lubricating or protective mechanism to prevent abrasions during copulation
Vulva
- External genitalia
- Composed of:
- Labia (inner and outer folds)
- Clitoris (homologous to glans penis in males)
- Vestibular glands (active during oestrous, secreting lubricating mucus)
Vestibule
- Common to urinary and reproductive systems
- Joins vagina at external urethral orifice
- Has a hymen and suburethral diverticulum posteriorly located
Support Structures, Nerves, and Blood Supply
- Broad ligament:
- Has 3 components (Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx, and Mesometrium)
- Principal support structure, suspends ovaries, oviducts, and uterus
- Passage way for blood vessels and nerves
- Autonomic nerves and sensory nerves in the region of the vulva
- Ovarian arteries supply blood to ovaries, oviducts, and a portion of uterine horn
- Middle uterine artery supplies blood to the rest of the uterine horns
- Hypogastric artery supplies cervix, vagina, and vulva
Placentation
- Zonary (chorionic villi arranged in an equatorial belt)
- Discoidal (chorionic villi arranged in a circular plate)
- Placental attachments classified according to the degree of attachments and up to six tissue layers after placentation
- Epitheliochorial (mare, sow, cow, ewe, and doe)
- Hemochorial (primates)
- Hemoendothelial (rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs)
Cervix
- Thick-walled and inelastic
- Continuous with the body of the uterus
- Functions:
- Prevent microbial contamination of the uterus
- Sperm reservoir after mating (cows, ewe, and doe)
- Annular rings (sow, cow, and ewe) help seal the uterus from contaminants
Vagina
- Tubular shaped, thin-walled, and elastic
- Organ of copulation
- Semen is deposited in the anterior end of the vagina in ewe, cow, and doe
Ovaries
- Primary reproductive organ of the female
- Produce ovum and female sex hormones (estrogen and progestins)
- Cow, mare, and ewe are monotocous (1 ovum/estrous cycle)
- Sow is polytocous (10-25 ova/estrous cycle)
- Ovary structure: medulla + cortex
- Cortex contains cells and tissue layers associated with ovum and hormone production
This quiz covers the anatomy of the female reproductive system, including the vaginal smears, vestibule, vulva, labia, and other related structures.
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