32 Questions
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the neck forward when contracted bilaterally?
Sternocleidomastoid
What is the action of the upper fibers of the Trapezius muscle?
Elevate the shoulder girdle
Which muscle is responsible for whistling and kissing by pursing the lips?
Orbicularis Oris
What is the location of the Serratus Anterior muscle?
Lateral aspect of the thorax
What is the action of the Orbicularis Oculi muscle in terms of facial expressions?
Smiling and squinting
What is the action of the lower fibers of the Trapezius muscle?
Depress the shoulder girdle
Which muscle is responsible for adduction of the arm and medial rotation?
Pectoralis Major Muscle
What is the primary action of the Flexor Carpi Muscles?
Flexion of the Wrist
Which muscle is involved in stabilization of the scapula?
Stabilization Muscle
What is the action of the posterior head of the Deltoid Muscle?
Extension of the Shoulder
Which muscle is commonly known as the 'six-pack' muscle?
Rectus Abdominis Muscle
What is the primary action of the Triceps Brachii Muscle?
Extension of the Elbow
Which muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm?
Biceps Brachii Muscle
What is the action of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle on the shoulder joint?
Adduction and Extension
Which muscle is involved in compression of the abdominal contents?
External Oblique Muscle
What is the primary action of the Extensor Carpi Muscles?
Extension of the Wrist
What is the primary action of the hamstring muscles?
Flexion of the knee joint
Which type of muscle makes up the walls of hollow organs?
Smooth muscle
What is the primary action of the tibialis anterior muscle?
Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint
What type of joint is freely movable?
Synovial joint
What is the effect of aging on bone remodeling in the skeletal system?
Slower pace of bone remodeling, weaker bones
What is the term for rotating the forearm to face the palm downward?
Pronation
What is the term for the extreme loss of bone mass associated with aging?
Osteoporosis
What is the primary action of the adductor muscles?
Adduction of the hip joint
What is the term for bending the foot upward?
Dorsiflexion
Which type of muscle is involved in vasoconstriction or vasodilation of blood vessels?
Smooth muscle
What is the term for the reduction in collagen in tendons, ligaments, and skin associated with aging?
Stiffness
What type of muscle contraction is involuntary?
Smooth muscle contraction
What is the term for the thinning of the disks between the bodies of vertebrae associated with aging?
Height loss
What is the term for moving the arm in a circular motion?
Circumduction
What is the term for the type of muscle that is involved in the contraction of the heart?
Cardiac muscle
What is the treatment for a strain injury?
RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Study Notes
Muscles of the Face
- Orbicularis Oculi: surrounds the eye, thin, sphincter-like muscle, closes eyelids, contributes to smiling and squinting
- Orbicularis Oris: surrounds the lips, multi-layered muscle with interconnected fibers, purses, closes, protrudes, and compresses lips
Neck Muscles
- Sternocleidomastoid (SCM): connects sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process, bilateral contraction flexes neck forward, unilateral contraction tilts and rotates head
- Trapezius Muscle: broad, flat muscle covering upper back and neck, triangular in shape, elevates shoulder girdle, retracts scapula, depresses shoulder girdle
- Serratus Anterior Muscle: located on lateral aspect of thorax, comprises finger-like projections, protracts scapula, stabilizes scapula
Shoulder and Arm Muscles
- Pectoralis Major Muscle: large, fan-shaped muscle in chest region, adducts arm, medially rotates arm, flexes shoulder
- Latissimus Dorsi Muscle: large, flat muscle spanning lower and middle back, adducts arm, extends shoulder, medially rotates arm
- Deltoid Muscle: triangular muscle covering shoulder joint, flexes shoulder joint, abducts shoulder joint, extends shoulder joint
- Biceps Brachii Muscle: two-headed muscle in front of upper arm, flexes elbow, supinates forearm
- Triceps Brachii Muscle: three-headed muscle in back of upper arm, extends elbow, assists in shoulder extension
Forearm Muscles
- Flexor Carpi Muscles: group of muscles in anterior compartment of forearm, flexes wrist, assists in flexion of elbow
- Extensor Carpi Muscles: group of muscles in posterior compartment of forearm, extends wrist, assists in extension of fingers
Abdominal Muscles
- Rectus Abdominis Muscle: paired muscle in anterior abdominal wall, flexes trunk, assists in stabilization
- External Oblique Muscle: outermost muscle of lateral abdominal wall, flexes and rotates trunk, compresses abdomen
Back Muscles
- Gluteus Maximus Muscle: largest muscle of buttocks, extends hip, externally rotates hip, stabilizes pelvis and lower back
- Hamstring Muscles: group of muscles in back of thigh, flexes knee, extends hip, assists in stabilization
Leg Muscles
- Tibialis Anterior Muscle: located on front of lower leg, dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot
- Gastrocnemius Muscle: two-headed muscle in back of lower leg, plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee
Characteristics of Muscles
- Skeletal Muscle: voluntary, striated, multinucleated, stimulated by nervous system
- Smooth Muscle: involuntary, non-striated, uninucleated, moves slowly and can stay contracted for a long time
- Cardiac Muscle: involuntary, striated, branched fibers, generates electrical impulses to contract
Functions of the Muscular System
- Ability to contract
- Moves skeleton, vessels, and internal organs
- Smooth muscle moves involuntary hollow organs
Common Diseases and Conditions of Muscles
- Strain: injury to muscle and tendons, symptoms include pain, limited motion, muscle spasms, and inflammation, treated with RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
This quiz covers the location, description, and actions of facial muscles including Orbicularis Oris, Orbicularis Oculi, and Sternocleidomastoid.
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