Life Science: November Paper 1 Medium

What is the role of roots in the life of a plant?

Anchorage to the ground

Which layer of the dicotyledonous root features root hairs?

Epidermis

What is the main function of the cortex in a dicotyledonous root?

Storage of nutrients

Which structure in the cortex of a dicotyledonous root has a water-impermeable barrier?

Endodermis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the root includes the pericycle, phloem, cambium, and xylem?

Stele Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, what type of root system is typically observed?

Taproot system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the xylem in dicotyledonous plants?

Transport water and minerals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the cambium in dicotyledonous plants during secondary growth?

Increasing girth and producing new vascular tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stem is located below the epidermis and may include collenchyma cells and parenchyma cells?

Cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of roots in plants?

Translocation of water and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which root system is common in monocotyledons, forming a shallow, mat-like structure?

Fibrous Root System Signup and view all the answers

If a dicotyledonous plant lacks the pericycle, what process might be impacted?

Secondary growth of vascular tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pith in dicotyledonous stems?

Storing nutrients and assisting in substance transport Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue in roots provides mechanical support and strength?

Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What does secondary growth in dicotyledonous plants lead to?

Development of wood and bark Signup and view all the answers

What unique role do some modified roots like those of carrots play?

Reproduction and generation of new plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of xylem in plants?

Facilitating the upward transport of water and mineral salts from the roots to other plant parts Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the dicotyledonous root features the Casparian strip regulating water flow?

Endodermis Signup and view all the answers

What role does transpiration play in plant physiology?

Regulating plant temperature Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon facilitates the transpirational pull of water in plants?

Capillary action Signup and view all the answers

How are dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants distinguished?

By their stem anatomy and growth patterns Signup and view all the answers

What category do plants fall into if they have multiple woody stems growing from the base?

Shrubs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stems in plants?

Storing nutrients and water Signup and view all the answers

How does stem development begin in monocotyledonous plants?

Starting with the coleorhiza and then the radicle Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues in dicotyledonous stems provide structural integrity and resilience?

Support and strength tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical primary function of the epidermis in dicotyledonous stems?

Facilitate gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cuticle on plant leaves?

To minimize water loss by evaporation Signup and view all the answers

Which structure plays a crucial role in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil?

Root hairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cork cambium in plants?

To produce cork cells that form the bark Signup and view all the answers

In plants, what is the primary function of the pericycle?

To strengthen the stem and protect vascular tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway involves the movement of water through the cytoplasm of cells interconnected by plasmodesmata?

Symplast pathway Signup and view all the answers

What does the Casparian strip do in the root?

Acts as a barrier to force water to pass through cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the movement of water up through the xylem towards the leaves?

Root pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the plant primarily moves water and minerals up from the roots?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of root hairs on plant roots?

To aid in the absorption of water and minerals Signup and view all the answers

Where is the stomata primarily located in plants?

On the surface of plant leaves Signup and view all the answers

Why do endoskeletons offer less protection from external threats compared to exoskeletons?

They are composed of living tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vertebral column in the human skeletal system?

Encasing the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which category of bones provides protection for internal organs and a broad surface for muscle attachment?

Flat Bones Signup and view all the answers

How does the axial skeleton differ from the appendicular skeleton in humans?

Axial skeleton supports limb movement Signup and view all the answers

What type of bones are crucial for large movements and act as levers in the human body?

Long Bones Signup and view all the answers

Why are endoskeletons advantageous for supporting large body sizes?

They allow continuous growth Signup and view all the answers

What is one crucial function of the pelvic girdle in the human skeletal system?

Supporting the lower limbs Signup and view all the answers

How does the human endoskeleton overcome the limitation of moulting for growth?

By being composed of living tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of endoskeletons as highlighted in the text?

Susceptibility to diseases Signup and view all the answers

Why do flat bones primarily protect internal organs in the human body?

By providing a broad surface for muscle attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bones in the musculoskeletal system?

Serving as attachment points for muscles Signup and view all the answers

Why is cartilage distinguished from other tissues?

It contains blood vessels and nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows free movement in various directions?

Synovial joints Signup and view all the answers

What do tendons connect in the musculoskeletal system?

Bones to muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

Connecting bones to other bones Signup and view all the answers

Why do muscles operate in pairs known as antagonistic pairs?

To control movement by contracting and relaxing Signup and view all the answers

What explains how various musculoskeletal structures work together to enable motion?

Structural Connectivity Signup and view all the answers

Which system is crucial for providing structure to the body and facilitating movement?

Musculoskeletal System Signup and view all the answers

How do bones facilitate locomotion in the body?

By providing structural framework and support Signup and view all the answers

In the musculoskeletal system, what do joints primarily help connect?

Bones to muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why organisms with hydrostatic skeletons must reside in moist or aquatic environments?

To prevent dehydration of the hydrostatic cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which advantage of hydrostatic skeletons enables organisms like jellyfish to adapt their shape to environmental conditions?

Flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Why do larger organisms with exoskeletons face challenges related to growth?

Growth Limitation due to the need for moulting Signup and view all the answers

What feature of exoskeletons allows for a variety of physical adaptations in arthropods?

Diversity in Physical Adaptations Signup and view all the answers

Why do hydrostatic skeletons require less energy for movement compared to other skeletal structures?

Energy Efficiency Signup and view all the answers

In what way do exoskeletons hinder the agility of organisms possessing them?

Weight Constraints Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of hydrostatic skeletons provides faster recovery after sustaining damage?

Rapid Healing Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeletal structure requires moulting for accommodating growth, posing a challenge during that period?

Exoskeletons Signup and view all the answers

How do exoskeletons aid in the movement of arthropods?

Support for Muscular Attachment Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature of hydrostatic skeletons contributes to their adaptability for movement through narrow spaces?

Flexibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ligaments in joints?

Connect bones within joints for stability Signup and view all the answers

How do tendons contribute to muscle function?

Connect muscles to bones for movement precision Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antagonistic muscles in joint movement?

Work together in coordinated action for movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical order from basic units to an entire muscle in the structure of skeletal muscle?

Myofibrils > Muscle Fibers > Fascicles > Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cartilage at joints?

Facilitate smooth bone articulation during movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the major component of synovial joints that aids in movement?

Synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the muscle contains sarcomeres, the units responsible for contraction?

Myofibrils Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of perimysium in muscle structure?

Connect muscle fibers into fascicles Signup and view all the answers

How do actin and myosin filaments contribute to muscle contraction?

Actin filaments shorten, and myosin filaments slide over them Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes skeletal muscle from other muscle types in terms of voluntary control?

Skeletal muscles are consciously controlled Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the dicotyledonous root has a water-impermeable barrier?

Endodermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cortex in dicotyledonous roots?

Nutrient storage Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, which structure is responsible for the movement of water towards the inner layers of the root?

Cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plant parts is involved in absorption of water and minerals?

Root hairs Signup and view all the answers

What type of root system is commonly observed in dicotyledonous plants?

Taproot system Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the dicotyledonous root includes the pericycle and vascular tissues?

Stele (Vascular Cylinder) Signup and view all the answers

Which musculoskeletal tissue does not contain blood vessels or nerves?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synovial joints in the musculoskeletal system?

Provide flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the musculoskeletal system connects bones to other bones?

Ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the microscopic structure found in bones that is crucial for nutrient and waste transport?

Canaliculi Signup and view all the answers

Joints categorized as fibrous permit which type of movement?

No movement Signup and view all the answers

Which musculoskeletal component plays a crucial role in distributing mechanical loads efficiently to avoid excessive stress?

Bones Signup and view all the answers

What are tendons primarily responsible for in the musculoskeletal system?

Connecting muscles to bones Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the musculoskeletal system provides support and flexibility at joints?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

In the musculoskeletal system, what do ligaments connect bones to?

Other bones Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes synovial joints from fibrous joints?

Range of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Pericycle in a plant stem?

Strengthening the stem Signup and view all the answers

In a plant, what is the function of the Vascular Cambium?

Facilitating radial growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Cork Cambium in perennial plants?

Forming bark for protection Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway allows water to move across cell walls and spaces without crossing cell membranes?

Apoplast Pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Casparian strip in the endodermis of roots?

Blocking the Apoplast pathway Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for pushing water from the roots up through the xylem in plants?

Root Pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of root hairs in a plant's root system?

Increasing surface area for water uptake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Cuticle in plant leaves?

Reducing water loss Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Cortex important in plant stems?

Mainly composed of cells for storage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Pericycle in the stem of a plant?

Strengthening the stem and protecting vascular tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the endodermis in dicotyledonous plant roots?

Regulating water flow to the xylem and phloem Signup and view all the answers

Which layer in dicotyledonous roots contributes to lateral root growth and structural integrity?

Pericycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cambium in dicotyledonous stems?

Producing new xylem and phloem tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the exodermis in dicotyledonous plant roots?

Providing structural integrity Signup and view all the answers

Which critical process is facilitated by transpiration in plants?

Cooling and regulation of plant temperature Signup and view all the answers

Why is the pericycle in dicotyledonous roots essential for root structure and function?

Assists in lateral root growth and structural integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the exodermis in dicotyledonous root structure?

Providing shape, protection, and strength Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue layer in dicotyledonous plants regulates the movement of water to the xylem and phloem?

Pericycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cambium in dicotyledonous plant stems?

Producing new xylem and phloem tissues Signup and view all the answers

Why is the epidermis an important layer in dicotyledonous stems?

Maintains water balance in the plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vertebral column in humans?

Protecting the spinal cord and providing structural integrity Signup and view all the answers

Why are long bones such as the femur important for large movements in the human body?

To provide flexibility and support as levers for movement Signup and view all the answers

Which bones provide protection for internal organs and a broad surface for muscle attachment in the human skeleton?

Flat bones like the sternum and scapula Signup and view all the answers

In the human body, what is the primary function of the pelvic girdle?

Supporting the lower limbs Signup and view all the answers

Why is the rib cage considered important in the human body?

To protect essential organs like the heart and lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the human skeleton forms the central axis of the body and is essential for protecting vital internal organs?

Axial Skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What do the cervical vertebrae primarily contribute to in the human body?

Forming the neck region Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bones are carpals in the wrist and tarsals in the ankles, providing stability and supporting slight movements?

Short Bones Signup and view all the answers

How do flat bones like the scapula and sternum primarily contribute to the human skeleton?

Protecting internal organs and providing muscle attachment surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which category of bones, such as vertebrae and mandible, features complex shapes with specific functions in the human body?

Irregular Bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the epidermis in the stem of dicotyledonous plants?

Prevents water loss Signup and view all the answers

What connects muscles to bones in the human body?

Tendons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pericycle in the stem's vascular cylinder of dicotyledonous plants?

Contributes to secondary vascular tissue formation Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue in the stem helps in the transport of substances across dicotyledonous plants?

Pith Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

Prevent excessive joint movements Signup and view all the answers

What type of root system is common in monocotyledonous plants?

Fibrous root system Signup and view all the answers

In skeletal muscle, what is the basic unit that is responsible for muscle contraction?

Myofibrils Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is consciously controlled to perform various actions like running?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

How does secondary growth in dicotyledonous plants primarily affect the stem?

Leads to the formation of wood and bark Signup and view all the answers

Which critical function do roots serve in dicotyledonous plants during adverse conditions?

Nutrient storage Signup and view all the answers

What role do antagonistic muscles play in moving bones at joints?

Both muscles contract simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue forms the joint capsule and helps connect and protect bones within a joint?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What tissue in roots provides mechanical support and strength?

Sclerenchyma Signup and view all the answers

During muscle contraction, which protein filaments slide over each other to shorten the sarcomere?

Actin and myosin Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stem plays a significant role in the transport of water and minerals up from the roots?

Vascular cylinder Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of fascicles in skeletal muscle?

Group muscle fibers together Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, what is the main function of the cambium layer in the stem?

Produces new phloem and xylem Signup and view all the answers

What determines the origin of root systems in plants?

Radicle of the plant embryo Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue acts as a cushion to distribute loads evenly across joints, preventing bone damage?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of synovial fluid in joints?

Reduce friction for smooth movement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles?

Hydrostatic skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of hydrostatic skeletons compared to exoskeletons?

Growth Limitation Signup and view all the answers

In what type of environment must organisms with hydrostatic skeletons reside to prevent desiccation?

Moist or aquatic Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do exoskeletons provide that hydrostatic skeletons lack?

Protection and support against physical damage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton requires moulting to accommodate growth?

Exoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic allows hydrostatic skeletons to adapt their shape to environmental conditions?

Flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Why can exoskeletons support a variety of physical adaptations in arthropods?

Variety in Physical Adaptations Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of exoskeletons due to larger size and weight?

Growth Limitation Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of hydrostatic skeletons contributes to faster recovery from damage?

Rapid Healing Signup and view all the answers

Why are larger exoskeletons challenging for arthropods?

Weight Constraints Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle are cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, duplicated?

G1 Phase Signup and view all the answers

Which phase occurs when each chromosome is duplicated by the cell?

Synthesis Phase Signup and view all the answers

What phase of the cell cycle allows the cell to continue to grow and produce new proteins?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition of DNA during the G2 Phase of the cell cycle?

Loosely packed throughout the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle prepares the cell for division and concludes with the cell ready to enter mitosis?

G2 Phase Signup and view all the answers

What phase occurs when the chromosomes only condense into distinct forms during mitosis?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining an effective surface area to volume ratio crucial for a cell?

To decrease the cell's efficiency in managing material exchange. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Interphase in the cell cycle?

To prepare for cell division. Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of mitosis do chromatids split at the centromere?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

Where is mitosis typically observed in plants?

Apical meristem and lateral meristem Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mitosis in plant cells from animal cells?

Lack of centrosomes Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis does the cell membrane start to constrict?

Telophase Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromosomes in Telophase of mitosis?

They begin to de-condense. Signup and view all the answers

Where does Mitosis occur in animals for blood cell production?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

In plant cells, what structure is absent during Mitosis but still leads to spindle formation?

Centrosomes Signup and view all the answers

Why is Mitosis essential for growth, repair, and reproduction across various life forms?

To maintain tissue integrity and function. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer primarily emerges from the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems?

Leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What critical characteristic of cancer cells enables them to invade other tissues and spread throughout the body?

Metastasis Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific field benefits significantly from understanding mitosis for insights into cancer research?

Developmental biology Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle does a cell plate form at the equator instead of membrane constriction in plant cells?

Telophase Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger the development of cancer by damaging DNA and disrupting cellular regulation?

Inherited genetic mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about cancer where it is viewed as an inevitable death sentence?

Fatalism Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor impacts surrounding normal cells by compressing them, depriving them of nutrients, and disrupting their function?

Malignant tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cells that disregard growth inhibition signals and continue to multiply, unlike normal cells?

Unresponsive to growth inhibition signals Signup and view all the answers

Which category of bones features complex shapes and specific functions, such as vertebrae and mandible?

Irregular bones Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment for cancer that employs radiation to destroy cancer cells?

Radiotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dermal tissue in plants?

Water and transpiration management Signup and view all the answers

Where are meristematic tissues primarily found in plants?

Both roots and shoots Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissues in plants undergo continuous division to contribute to plant growth?

Meristematic tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing characteristic of cells in meristematic tissues?

High vacuole content Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of permanent tissues in plants?

Physical support Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation helps dermal tissues reduce water loss in plants?

Presence of cuticle Signup and view all the answers

Which plant tissue category is responsible for plant growth?

Meristematic tissue Signup and view all the answers

Where are lateral meristems typically found in plants?

Tips of roots and shoots Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of meristematic tissue in plant development?

Cell division for growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the cuticle found in dermal tissues of plants?

Reduce water loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Schwann cells in nerve tissue?

Insulate axons and enhance signal transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurons primarily carry messages from sensory receptors to the CNS?

Unipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

In the Peripheral Nervous System, which division controls involuntary responses?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of interneurons in nerve tissue?

Facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system division is responsible for controlling voluntary movements?

Somatic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain in the Central Nervous System?

Coordinate bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are specialized to transmit nerve impulses in nerve tissue?

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the spinal cord in the Central Nervous System?

Conduit for signals between the brain and the body Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves extend from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body in the Peripheral Nervous System?

Cranial nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of axons in neurons?

Transmit impulses away Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Parenchyma cells in plants?

Storage, photosynthesis, and injury repair Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue in plants is characterized by cells with thick lignified walls for rigidity and support?

Sclerenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Xylem cells from Phloem cells in plants?

Xylem cells are dead at maturity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized in absorption and secretion, and is commonly found in glandular tissues?

Cuboidal Epithelium Signup and view all the answers

In muscle tissue, which type is primarily responsible for regulating movements like peristalsis and blood flow?

Smooth Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar) in the body?

Cushions and supports organs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is responsible for storing fat and providing insulation and energy reserves?

Adipose Tissue Signup and view all the answers

What role do Embryonic Stem Cells play in an organism's development?

Contributing to the formation of specialized tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and moves bones and other structures?

Skeletal Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Adult Stem Cells in organisms?

Replacing old and damaged cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of interphase in the cell cycle?

Preparing for division Signup and view all the answers

During which sub-phase of interphase are cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, duplicated?

G1 Phase Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the S Phase (Synthesis Phase) in interphase?

Chromosome duplication Signup and view all the answers

Why do chromosomes only condense into more distinct forms during the prophase of mitosis?

To ensure proper cell division Signup and view all the answers

What factor is crucial in determining when a cell will divide?

Surface area to volume ratio Signup and view all the answers

What does interphase allow the cell to do before entering mitosis?

Grow and produce new proteins Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell as it grows in relation to its surface area and volume?

Volume increases faster than surface area. Signup and view all the answers

Why does a cell become inefficient at managing material exchange with its environment?

Decreased surface area to volume ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of interphase in the cell cycle?

DNA replication. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

Anaphase. Signup and view all the answers

Where is mitotic activity most prominent in animal cells for processes like blood cell production?

Basal layers of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mitosis in plant cells from animal cells concerning the spindle apparatus?

Absence of centrioles. Signup and view all the answers

What key process initiates during Telophase of mitosis in animal cells?

Cell Division Begins. Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do chromosomes align at the equator of the cell in both animal and plant cells?

Metaphase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Growth and repair. Signup and view all the answers

Where is mitosis primarily observed in plants for growth and development?

Meristem regions. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main characteristics of cancer cells mentioned in the text?

Metastasis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer originates in connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, and muscle?

Sarcomas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

Kill cancer cells by targeting rapid division Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference in mitosis between plant and animal cells?

Cytokinesis mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the musculoskeletal system is particularly affected by chemotherapy?

Muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of meristematic tissue in plants?

To continually divide and contribute to plant growth Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer significantly impacts the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems?

Leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of cancer cells regarding growth inhibition signals?

Continuous division despite signals Signup and view all the answers

Why do plant dermal tissues have a waxy layer called the cuticle?

To protect the plant from external factors and reduce water loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the epidermal layer in plant tissues?

To protect the plant from external factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major concern regarding cancer based on the text?

Normal tissue compression Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in response to biochemical signals?

Cancer cells ignore certain signals Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue plays a role in plant growth by contributing to thickness growth?

Meristematic tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature that distinguishes carcinomas from other types of cancer in the text?

Arising in epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Why do plant root hairs and trichomes increase the surface area?

To enhance water and nutrient absorption Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates meristematic tissues from permanent tissues in plants?

Meristematic tissues do not generally divide Signup and view all the answers

How do dermal tissues in plants contribute to reducing water loss?

By having a waxy layer on aerial parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lateral meristems in plants?

To contribute to thickness growth Signup and view all the answers

Why are root hairs essential for plant survival?

To enhance water and mineral absorption Signup and view all the answers

What process do root hairs primarily facilitate in plants?

Nutrient absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

Supporting, binding, and protecting other tissues and organs Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle?

Function in supporting blood circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of xylem cells?

Thick lignified walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epithelial tissue in the body?

Serving as a protective layer Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates smooth muscle from cardiac muscle?

Location in hollow organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sclerenchyma in plants?

Provision of rigidity and strength Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of skeletal muscle?

Striations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is responsible for storing fat and providing insulation in the body?

Adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

Why are parenchymal cells important in plants?

For storage, photosynthesis, and injury repair Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phloem in a plant?

Transporting photosynthetic products Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of unipolar neurons?

Carry messages from sensory receptors to the CNS Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system division controls involuntary responses?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dendrites in neurons?

Receive impulses from other neurons Signup and view all the answers

How do Schwann cells contribute to nerve function?

Insulate axons and enhance signal transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which system acts as a conduit for signals between the brain and the body?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of axons in neurons?

Transmit impulses away from the neuron cell body Signup and view all the answers

How do sensory neurons differ from motor neurons?

Sensory neurons transmit sensory information, while motor neurons control muscle movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the brain within the Central Nervous System?

Interpreting sensory information and coordinating bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

How do interneurons contribute to the nervous system?

Facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron is predominantly involved in transmitting information from sensory receptors to the CNS?

Unipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Casparian strip in dicotyledonous roots?

Prevents uncontrolled water entry into the vascular cylinder Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of a dicotyledonous root primarily consists of parenchyma cells?

Endodermis Signup and view all the answers

How does the cortex of dicotyledonous roots differ from the endodermis?

Cortex plays a role in nutrient storage while endodermis facilitates movement of water Signup and view all the answers

Which part of dicotyledonous plants demonstrates the taproot system?

Roots Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of root hairs in dicotyledonous root systems?

Enhance water and mineral absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which layer in the dicotyledonous root system is responsible for giving rise to lateral roots?

Stele Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the xylem in dicotyledonous plants?

Transporting water and minerals Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue in plant roots provides mechanical support and strength?

Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cambium in dicotyledonous plant stems?

Producing new phloem and xylem Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stem of a dicotyledonous plant is composed of parenchyma cells that help in the transport of substances?

Pith Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the epidermis in the stem of dicotyledonous plants?

Preventing water loss Signup and view all the answers

In the root system of dicotyledonous plants, what structure sometimes contributes to the formation of secondary vascular tissues?

Pericycle Signup and view all the answers

Which layer in dicotyledonous roots regulates water flow to the xylem and phloem?

Endodermis Signup and view all the answers

Which primary function is NOT associated with root systems in plants?

Transporting sugars Signup and view all the answers

What does the cambium in dicotyledonous stems primarily produce?

New xylem and phloem tissues Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the tap root system from the fibrous root system?

Absence of a main tap root Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the dicotyledonous plant stem contributes to the formation of secondary growth?

Cambium Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is vital for the transpirational pull in plants?

Capillary action Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pith in a dicotyledonous plant's stem?

Storing nutrients Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous stems, what contributes to structural integrity and resilience?

Sclerenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common function of plant stems?

Reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What do vines primarily use their stems for?

Support and climbing Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue located in dicotyledonous stems is essential for the distribution of nutrients and water?

Vascular bundles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pericycle in dicotyledonous roots?

Structural integrity and lateral root growth Signup and view all the answers

Where does the stem tissue called cambium produce new tissues in dicotyledonous plants?

Between the xylem and phloem Signup and view all the answers

Which plant growth form is typically under 1 meter in height with multiple woody stems at the base?

Shrubs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Cortex in stems?

Stores nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue regulates water and nutrient movement into the vascular bundles in plant stems?

Endodermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the Vascular Cambium in stem anatomy?

Facilitates radial growth of tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which structure develops from the outer cortex and replaces the epidermis to provide additional protection and support in perennial plants?

Cork Cambium Signup and view all the answers

What do annual rings in the cross-section of woody stems indicate?

Age of the plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for water absorption in plants?

Root Hairs Signup and view all the answers

How does water primarily move through the endodermis into the stele of roots?

Symplast Pathway Signup and view all the answers

What process ensures that all water and dissolved substances reaching the vascular cylinder must pass through a cell membrane in plant roots?

Casparian strip barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the process essential for moving water and minerals from roots to leaves in plants?

Translocation Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism helps push water up through the xylem towards the leaves in plants?

Root Pressure Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hydrostatic skeletons from endoskeletons?

Lack of Rigid Support Signup and view all the answers

In which organisms are hydrostatic skeletons typically found?

Earthworms and Starfish Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exoskeletons in arthropods like insects and crustaceans?

Protection for Muscular Attachment Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes hydrostatic skeletons energy-efficient for movement?

Flexible Adjustment to Environment Signup and view all the answers

Why do organisms with hydrostatic skeletons need to reside in moist or aquatic environments?

To Prevent Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton provides faster recovery from damage due to its structure?

Hydrostatic Skeletons Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable disadvantage associated with exoskeletons?

Growth Limitation Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of exoskeletons allows for diverse physical adaptations in arthropods?

Support for Muscular Attachment Signup and view all the answers

Why do hydrostatic skeletons offer less protection compared to exoskeletons?

Lack of Rigid Support Signup and view all the answers

What critical environmental factor limits the mobility and size of organisms with hydrostatic skeletons?

Moisture Content Signup and view all the answers

Why might endoskeletons be more vulnerable to diseases compared to exoskeletons?

Endoskeletons are made of living tissues Signup and view all the answers

What function do flat bones like the sternum serve in the human body?

Protect internal organs Signup and view all the answers

Why is the vertebral column essential for the human body?

It houses the spinal cord and protects internal organs Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are categorized as short bones and contribute to providing stability and support during slight movements?

Carpals in the wrists Signup and view all the answers

What main purpose does the rib cage serve in the human body?

Protect the heart and lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pelvic girdle in the human skeleton?

Support the lower limbs Signup and view all the answers

How do long bones like the femur contribute to human movement?

Act as levers for large movements Signup and view all the answers

Why are irregular bones like the vertebrae and mandible considered unique in the human skeleton?

They fulfill specific functions with complex shapes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pectoral girdle in the human skeleton?

Support the upper limbs Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are crucial for providing protection for internal organs and offering a broad surface for muscle attachment?

Flat Bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Haversian system within bones?

Facilitates nutrient and waste transport Signup and view all the answers

In the musculoskeletal system, which tissues are primarily responsible for providing support at joints?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes synovial joints from other types of joints in terms of movement capabilities?

They enable free movement in various directions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

Connect bones to muscles Signup and view all the answers

What are Haversian canals surrounded by, forming the microscopic structure within bones?

Collagen fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the connective tissue that provides joint stability by connecting bones to other bones?

Ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing characteristic of cartilage in terms of nerve and blood supply?

Lacks blood vessels or nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the musculoskeletal system primarily plays a role in transferring force from muscle contractions to bones for movement?

Tendons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of muscles operating in antagonistic pairs in controlling movement?

Control movement by contracting and relaxing Signup and view all the answers

Which skeletal tissue component provides hardness and flexibility to bones through mineral salts and collagen fibers?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments in joints?

Provide stability and prevent excessive joint movements Signup and view all the answers

How do tendons contribute to locomotion efficiency, especially during activities like running?

Reduce the workload on muscles by storing and releasing energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of antagonistic muscles?

Work together to create smooth and controlled movements Signup and view all the answers

Why is cartilage essential in joints?

To reduce friction and cushion bone ends Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of myofibrils in muscle tissue?

Facilitate muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

How do actin and myosin filaments interact during muscle contraction?

Myosin filaments slide over actin filaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical structure of skeletal muscles?

Fascicles, myofibrils, muscle fibers, muscles Signup and view all the answers

Why are fascicles important in skeletal muscles?

Group muscle fibers together for coordinated movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of perimysium in muscle structure?

Surround and support muscle fascicles Signup and view all the answers

How do actin and myosin filaments contribute to muscle contraction?

Myosin filaments slide over actin filaments shortening the sarcomere Signup and view all the answers

Life Science: November Paper 1 Medium

Questions and Answers

What is the role of roots in the life of a plant?

Which layer of the dicotyledonous root features root hairs?

What is the main function of the cortex in a dicotyledonous root?

Which structure in the cortex of a dicotyledonous root has a water-impermeable barrier?

Which part of the root includes the pericycle, phloem, cambium, and xylem?

In dicotyledonous plants, what type of root system is typically observed?

What is the function of the xylem in dicotyledonous plants?

What is the main role of the cambium in dicotyledonous plants during secondary growth?

Which part of the stem is located below the epidermis and may include collenchyma cells and parenchyma cells?

What is the primary function of roots in plants?

Which root system is common in monocotyledons, forming a shallow, mat-like structure?

If a dicotyledonous plant lacks the pericycle, what process might be impacted?

What is the main function of the pith in dicotyledonous stems?

Which tissue in roots provides mechanical support and strength?

What does secondary growth in dicotyledonous plants lead to?

What unique role do some modified roots like those of carrots play?

What is the function of xylem in plants?

Which layer of the dicotyledonous root features the Casparian strip regulating water flow?

What role does transpiration play in plant physiology?

What phenomenon facilitates the transpirational pull of water in plants?

How are dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants distinguished?

What category do plants fall into if they have multiple woody stems growing from the base?

What is the primary function of stems in plants?

How does stem development begin in monocotyledonous plants?

Which tissues in dicotyledonous stems provide structural integrity and resilience?

What is the critical primary function of the epidermis in dicotyledonous stems?

What is the function of the cuticle on plant leaves?

Which structure plays a crucial role in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil?

What is the function of the cork cambium in plants?

In plants, what is the primary function of the pericycle?

Which pathway involves the movement of water through the cytoplasm of cells interconnected by plasmodesmata?

What does the Casparian strip do in the root?

What contributes to the movement of water up through the xylem towards the leaves?

Which part of the plant primarily moves water and minerals up from the roots?

What is the function of root hairs on plant roots?

Where is the stomata primarily located in plants?

Why do endoskeletons offer less protection from external threats compared to exoskeletons?

What is the primary function of the vertebral column in the human skeletal system?

Which category of bones provides protection for internal organs and a broad surface for muscle attachment?

How does the axial skeleton differ from the appendicular skeleton in humans?

What type of bones are crucial for large movements and act as levers in the human body?

Why are endoskeletons advantageous for supporting large body sizes?

What is one crucial function of the pelvic girdle in the human skeletal system?

How does the human endoskeleton overcome the limitation of moulting for growth?

What is one disadvantage of endoskeletons as highlighted in the text?

Why do flat bones primarily protect internal organs in the human body?

What is the primary function of bones in the musculoskeletal system?

Why is cartilage distinguished from other tissues?

Which type of joint allows free movement in various directions?

What do tendons connect in the musculoskeletal system?

What is the role of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

Why do muscles operate in pairs known as antagonistic pairs?

What explains how various musculoskeletal structures work together to enable motion?

Which system is crucial for providing structure to the body and facilitating movement?

How do bones facilitate locomotion in the body?

In the musculoskeletal system, what do joints primarily help connect?

What is the primary reason why organisms with hydrostatic skeletons must reside in moist or aquatic environments?

Which advantage of hydrostatic skeletons enables organisms like jellyfish to adapt their shape to environmental conditions?

Why do larger organisms with exoskeletons face challenges related to growth?

What feature of exoskeletons allows for a variety of physical adaptations in arthropods?

Why do hydrostatic skeletons require less energy for movement compared to other skeletal structures?

In what way do exoskeletons hinder the agility of organisms possessing them?

What characteristic of hydrostatic skeletons provides faster recovery after sustaining damage?

Which type of skeletal structure requires moulting for accommodating growth, posing a challenge during that period?

How do exoskeletons aid in the movement of arthropods?

What unique feature of hydrostatic skeletons contributes to their adaptability for movement through narrow spaces?

What is the primary role of ligaments in joints?

How do tendons contribute to muscle function?

What is the function of antagonistic muscles in joint movement?

What is the hierarchical order from basic units to an entire muscle in the structure of skeletal muscle?

What is the function of cartilage at joints?

What is the major component of synovial joints that aids in movement?

Which part of the muscle contains sarcomeres, the units responsible for contraction?

What is the role of perimysium in muscle structure?

How do actin and myosin filaments contribute to muscle contraction?

What distinguishes skeletal muscle from other muscle types in terms of voluntary control?

Which part of the dicotyledonous root has a water-impermeable barrier?

What is the primary function of the cortex in dicotyledonous roots?