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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the anal cerci in male cockroaches?
Which component makes up the exoskeleton of a cockroach?
In the digestive system of a cockroach, which structure is responsible for grinding food?
What structure in cockroaches aids in food storage before digestion?
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Which body region in a cockroach is located between the head and the abdomen?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the foregut in cockroaches?
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What type of mouthparts do cockroaches possess?
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What type of tissue is primarily involved in conducting impulses within the cockroach?
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What type of epithelium is the epidermis of an earthworm primarily composed of?
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How many main parts does the thorax of a cockroach have?
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Which part of the earthworm's reproductive system is responsible for directing matured ova to the external environment?
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Which statement about the mushroom gland in cockroaches is incorrect?
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What describes the blood vascular system of cockroaches?
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What is the main function of maxillary palps in cockroaches?
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Which component is responsible for grinding food in the cockroach's digestive system?
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Which of the following best describes a key function of earthworms in agriculture?
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Which region connects the head to the thorax in cockroaches?
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What is the role of the earthworm's clitellum in reproduction?
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How does the nervous system of an earthworm differ from that of many other animals?
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What are the primary sensory receptors present in the earthworm?
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What anatomical structure aids in the earthworm's digestion by progressing partially digested food?
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What type of muscles line the gizzard in a cockroach?
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What reproductive strategy is exhibited by earthworms?
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Why are earthworms particularly beneficial to soil health?
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Study Notes
Anatomy of Cockroach
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Brood pouch is absent.
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Digestive system:
- Alimentary canal has three parts: foregut, midgut, and hindgut.
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Foregut:
- Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, and gizzard.
- Lined by cuticle.
- Crop is used to store food.
- Gizzard grinds food.
- Gizzard has an outer layer of thick circular muscles and a thick inner cuticle forming six chitinous plates (teeth).
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Midgut (Mesenteron):
- Not lined by cuticle.
- Has 6-8 tubules (hepatic or gastric caecae) at the junction of the foregut and midgut.
- They secrete digestive juice.
- 100-150 yellow-colored thin filamentous Malpighian tubules are present at the junction of the midgut and hindgut.
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Hindgut:
- Broader than the midgut and lined internally by cuticle.
- Includes the ileum, colon, and rectum.
- Rectum opens through the anus.
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Mouthparts: Labrum (upper lip), two mandibles, two maxillae, hypopharynx (tongue), and a labium (lower lip).
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Thorax:
- Has three parts: prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax.
- The head is connected to the thorax by a neck (short extension of the prothorax).
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Circulatory system: Open type blood vascular system.
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Testes: Located laterally in the 4th to 6th abdominal segments.
Morphology and Anatomy of Earthworm
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Systematic position: Phylum Chordata.
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Epidermis: Single layer of columnar epithelial cells with secretory gland cells.
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Nervous system:
- Segmentally arranged ganglia on the ventral paired and fused nerve cord.
- The nerve cord in the anterior region (3rd and 4th segments) divides and encircles the pharynx, joining the cerebral ganglia dorsally to form a nerve ring.
- The nerve ring with the cerebral ganglia represents the brain.
- Sensory system: Light and touch-sensitive receptor cells, no eyes; chemoreceptors (taste receptors): react to chemical stimuli.
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Reproductive system:
- Hermaphrodite.
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Male reproductive organs:
- Paired testes: Attached to the inter-segmental septum of the 10th and 11th segments.
- Funnels: Connect to the tubular part of the nephridium which delivers wastes into the digestive tube.
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Female reproductive organs:
- Paired ovaries: Attached at the inter-segmental septum of the 12th and 13th segments.
- Ovarian funnels: Present beneath the ovaries and continue into the oviduct, joining together and opening on the ventral side as a single median female genital pore on the 14th segment.
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Mating process:
- Two worms exchange sperms.
- Worms mate juxtaposing opposite gonadal openings, exchanging spermatophores (packets of sperms).
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Fertilization and development:
- Mature sperm, ova, and nutritive fluid are deposited in cocoons produced by gland cells of the clitellum.
- The cocoon with fertilized ova slips off and deposits in the soil.
- After three weeks, the cocoon produces 2-20 baby worms (no larva).
Economic Importance of Earthworms
- Known as "friends of farmers" because they make burrows in the soil, making it porous.
- This helps with soil respiration and penetration of plant roots.
- Vermicomposting is the process of increasing soil fertility through earthworms.
- Used as bait in game fishing.
Morphology and Anatomy of Frog
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Systematic position: Phylum Chordata.
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Digestion: Gastric juice and HCl secreted from the gastric wall digest food. Partially digested food (chyme) is passed from the stomach to the duodenum.
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Description
Explore the intricate anatomy of the cockroach, focusing on its digestive system which consists of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Learn about the specific structures such as the crop and gizzard, and understand the functions of the malpighian tubules. This quiz will delve into the unique mouthparts and overall morphology of this fascinating insect.
