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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of the long type of clavicle?
What is the typical difference between male and female clavicles?
What is a characteristic of the infantile clavicle?
What happens to the adult clavicle with age?
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What is a possible age-related change in the clavicle?
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What is a rare congenital anomaly of the clavicle?
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What is a possible variation of the clavicle?
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Which scapular muscle is responsible for the elevation of the scapula?
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Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic scapular muscle?
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What is the function of the teres major scapular muscle?
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Which scapular muscle is responsible for the depression of the scapula?
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What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
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Which scapular muscle is responsible for the downward rotation and adduction of the scapula?
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Study Notes
Clavicle Types
Classification of Clavicles
- Based on morphological features, clavicles can be classified into three types:
- Long type: Characterized by a longer shaft and a more prominent curvature.
- Short type: Distinguished by a shorter shaft and a less pronounced curvature.
- Intermediate type: Exhibits a combination of features from both long and short types.
Sex Differences
- Male clavicle: Tends to be longer and thicker than the female clavicle.
- Female clavicle: Generally shorter and thinner than the male clavicle.
Age-Related Changes
- Infantile clavicle: More curved and softer than the adult clavicle.
- Adult clavicle: Becomes more rigid and less curved with age.
- Aging clavicle: May exhibit osteoporotic changes, leading to decreased bone density.
Variations
- Accessory ossicles: Small, extra bones that can occur at the sternal or acromial end of the clavicle.
- Bifid clavicle: A rare congenital anomaly where the clavicle is divided into two parts.
- Clavicle fusion: A condition where the clavicle fuses with the scapula or the sternum.
Clavicle Types
- Clavicles can be classified into three types based on morphological features:
- Long type: characterized by a longer shaft and a more prominent curvature
- Short type: distinguished by a shorter shaft and a less pronounced curvature
- Intermediate type: exhibits a combination of features from both long and short types
Sex Differences
- Male clavicle: tends to be longer and thicker
- Female clavicle: generally shorter and thinner
Age-Related Changes
- Infantile clavicle: more curved and softer than the adult clavicle
- Adult clavicle: becomes more rigid and less curved with age
- Aging clavicle: may exhibit osteoporotic changes, leading to decreased bone density
Variations
- Accessory ossicles: small, extra bones that can occur at the sternal or acromial end of the clavicle
- Bifid clavicle: a rare congenital anomaly where the clavicle is divided into two parts
- Clavicle fusion: a condition where the clavicle fuses with the scapula or the sternum
Scapular Muscles
Extrinsic Muscles
- Attach to scapula, but originate from other bones, moving scapula and/or arm
- Examples:
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids (major and minor)
- Levator scapulae
- Pectoralis minor
- Omohyoid
Intrinsic Muscles
- Originate and insert on scapula, stabilizing scapula
- Examples:
- Rotator cuff muscles:
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
- Scapular stabilizers:
- Serratus anterior
- Teres major
- Rotator cuff muscles:
Functions of Scapular Muscles
- Trapezius: elevates, upwardly rotates, and adducts scapula
- Rhomboids: downwardly rotate and adduct scapula
- Levator scapulae: elevates scapula
- Pectoralis minor: depresses, downwardly rotates, and protracts scapula
- Omohyoid: depresses scapula
- Rotator cuff muscles: stabilize glenohumeral joint and scapula
- Serratus anterior: protracts and upwardly rotates scapula
- Teres major: adducts and medially rotates humerus
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Description
Classify clavicles into different types based on morphological features and understand sex differences in clavicle anatomy.
