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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of the long type of clavicle?
What is the primary characteristic of the long type of clavicle?
What is the typical difference between male and female clavicles?
What is the typical difference between male and female clavicles?
What is a characteristic of the infantile clavicle?
What is a characteristic of the infantile clavicle?
What happens to the adult clavicle with age?
What happens to the adult clavicle with age?
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What is a possible age-related change in the clavicle?
What is a possible age-related change in the clavicle?
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What is a rare congenital anomaly of the clavicle?
What is a rare congenital anomaly of the clavicle?
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What is a possible variation of the clavicle?
What is a possible variation of the clavicle?
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Which scapular muscle is responsible for the elevation of the scapula?
Which scapular muscle is responsible for the elevation of the scapula?
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Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic scapular muscle?
Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic scapular muscle?
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What is the function of the teres major scapular muscle?
What is the function of the teres major scapular muscle?
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Which scapular muscle is responsible for the depression of the scapula?
Which scapular muscle is responsible for the depression of the scapula?
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What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
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Which scapular muscle is responsible for the downward rotation and adduction of the scapula?
Which scapular muscle is responsible for the downward rotation and adduction of the scapula?
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Study Notes
Clavicle Types
Classification of Clavicles
- Based on morphological features, clavicles can be classified into three types:
- Long type: Characterized by a longer shaft and a more prominent curvature.
- Short type: Distinguished by a shorter shaft and a less pronounced curvature.
- Intermediate type: Exhibits a combination of features from both long and short types.
Sex Differences
- Male clavicle: Tends to be longer and thicker than the female clavicle.
- Female clavicle: Generally shorter and thinner than the male clavicle.
Age-Related Changes
- Infantile clavicle: More curved and softer than the adult clavicle.
- Adult clavicle: Becomes more rigid and less curved with age.
- Aging clavicle: May exhibit osteoporotic changes, leading to decreased bone density.
Variations
- Accessory ossicles: Small, extra bones that can occur at the sternal or acromial end of the clavicle.
- Bifid clavicle: A rare congenital anomaly where the clavicle is divided into two parts.
- Clavicle fusion: A condition where the clavicle fuses with the scapula or the sternum.
Clavicle Types
- Clavicles can be classified into three types based on morphological features:
- Long type: characterized by a longer shaft and a more prominent curvature
- Short type: distinguished by a shorter shaft and a less pronounced curvature
- Intermediate type: exhibits a combination of features from both long and short types
Sex Differences
- Male clavicle: tends to be longer and thicker
- Female clavicle: generally shorter and thinner
Age-Related Changes
- Infantile clavicle: more curved and softer than the adult clavicle
- Adult clavicle: becomes more rigid and less curved with age
- Aging clavicle: may exhibit osteoporotic changes, leading to decreased bone density
Variations
- Accessory ossicles: small, extra bones that can occur at the sternal or acromial end of the clavicle
- Bifid clavicle: a rare congenital anomaly where the clavicle is divided into two parts
- Clavicle fusion: a condition where the clavicle fuses with the scapula or the sternum
Scapular Muscles
Extrinsic Muscles
- Attach to scapula, but originate from other bones, moving scapula and/or arm
- Examples:
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids (major and minor)
- Levator scapulae
- Pectoralis minor
- Omohyoid
Intrinsic Muscles
- Originate and insert on scapula, stabilizing scapula
- Examples:
- Rotator cuff muscles:
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
- Scapular stabilizers:
- Serratus anterior
- Teres major
- Rotator cuff muscles:
Functions of Scapular Muscles
- Trapezius: elevates, upwardly rotates, and adducts scapula
- Rhomboids: downwardly rotate and adduct scapula
- Levator scapulae: elevates scapula
- Pectoralis minor: depresses, downwardly rotates, and protracts scapula
- Omohyoid: depresses scapula
- Rotator cuff muscles: stabilize glenohumeral joint and scapula
- Serratus anterior: protracts and upwardly rotates scapula
- Teres major: adducts and medially rotates humerus
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Description
Classify clavicles into different types based on morphological features and understand sex differences in clavicle anatomy.
