Anatomy of Autonomic Nervous System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the learning objectives for this lecture?

  • Understanding the distribution of autonomic nerves in the body
  • Exploring the functional division of the autonomic nervous system
  • Comprehending the arrangement of the autonomic NS and its associated ganglia (correct)
  • Learning about the difference between somatic and autonomic motor nerve distribution

    • Which part of the body is primarily innervated by the somatic nervous system?

  • Skin, skeletal muscles, joints, bones, and ligaments (correct)
  • Internal organs, glands, and blood vessels
  • Sensory neurons
  • Smooth and cardiac muscles

    • What is the primary target of the autonomic/visceral nervous system?

  • Sensory neurons
  • Internal organs, glands, and blood vessels
  • Smooth and cardiac muscles, as well as glands (correct)
  • Skeletal muscles

    • Where do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers form splanchnic nerves?

    <p>Sympathetic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal segments do the preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers exit from for the sacral outflow?

    <p>S2-S4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers exit for the cranial outflow?

    <p>Lateral horn of sacral spinal segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic preganglionic fibers?

    <p>III, VII, and IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the postganglionic fibers supply the abdomen and pelvic organs?

    <p>Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body are cavernous tissue of penis and clitoris supplied by?

    <p>Pelvic splanchnic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain receives inputs from insular cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia for controlling preganglionic autonomic neurons?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are neurons of the enteric nervous system located?

    <p>In the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of the enteric nervous system?

    <p>Governing the function of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are visceral sensory fibers associated with parasympathetic fibers mainly carried?

    <p>Spinal nerves S2 to S4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred pain?

    <p>Pain felt in an area distant from its point of origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'Fight or Flight Response'?

    <p>Sympathetic Division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the ganglia of the Parasympathetic Division located?

    <p>Craniosacral outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system controls peripheral effectors as skin glands, erector pili muscles, and blood vessels?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the preganglionic fibers of the Sympathetic Nervous System exit the spinal cord?

    <p>T1-L2 segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are autonomic ganglia located?

    <p>Outside the CNS in the PNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nerves control the Somatic Motor System?

    <p>One nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Parasympathetic ganglia located?

    <p>Adjacent to the viscera they supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many divisions does ANS have?

    <p>Two divisions: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of sympathetic ganglia?

    <p>Located along the sympathetic trunk with about 24 ganglia in each sympathetic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Parasympathetic Division do to heart rate?

    <p>Slows heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Provide a location for synapse outside CNS in PNS and are of two types: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

    <p>Regulation of involuntary bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for the 'Fight or Flight Response'?

    <p>Sympathetic division of the ANS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the postganglionic fibers supply the abdomen and pelvic organs?

    <p>From collateral ganglia near the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of autonomic ganglia?

    <p>They contain synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is inhibited by organophosphates in the case of poisoning described?

    <p>Acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for the muscarinic signs observed in organophosphate poisoning?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for administering atropine in organophosphate poisoning?

    <p>To counteract excessive cholinergic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with organophosphate poisoning?

    <p>Hyperthermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does organophosphate poisoning have on skeletal muscle?

    <p>Fasciculations followed by weakness and paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the sites of release of acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>All preganglionic terminals and all parasympathetic postganglionic terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest-and-digest response?

    <p>Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ receives dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers release acetylcholine for epinephrine secretion in sweat glands?

    <p>Postganglionic sympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do postganglionic fibers release for vasodilation in blood vessels?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is an exception to the rule of receiving both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?

    <p>Adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the adrenal medulla release in an extreme emergency?

    <p>Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do sympathetic preganglionic fibers release from the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Epinephrine (adrenaline)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic system located?

    <p>Along the craniosacral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are postganglionic neurons of ANS located?

    <p>In a ganglion outside the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stimulation of sympathetic nerves cause in blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • EE (Enteric Nervous System) and ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) are two different parts of the nervous system

    • The Somatic Motor System is controlled by a single nerve, while the ANS has two nerves: the preganglionic and postganglionic nerves

    • The ANS has two divisions: the Sympathetic Division (Fight or Flight Response) and the Parasympathetic Division (Rest and Digest Response)

    • The Sympathetic Division increases heart rate and blood pressure, depresses digestive function, and increases sweating

    • The Parasympathetic Division slows heart rate, falls in pressure, increases digestive functions, and stops sweating

    • The Sympathetic Division has its ganglia located in the Thoracolumbar outflow, while the Parasympathetic Division has its ganglia in the Craniosacral outflow

    • Autonomic ganglia are located outside the CNS in the PNS, providing a location for synapse and are of two types: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

    • Sympathetic ganglia are located along the sympathetic trunk and there are about 24 ganglia in each sympathetic trunk

    • Parasympathetic ganglia are smaller and located more peripherally than sympathetic ganglia, typically situated adjacent to the viscera they supply

    • The Sympathetic Nervous System has a wide distribution targeting peripheral effectors and internal organs in the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis

    • Sympathetic preganglionic fibers exit the spinal cord at T1-L2 segments and join the sympathetic chain as white rami communicans

    • Parasympathetic ganglia include the Ciliary, Pterygopalatine, Otic, and Submandibular ganglia, among others, and are located adjacent to the viscera they supply

    • The Sympathetic Nervous System has a wide distribution targeting peripheral effectors as skin glands, erector pili muscles, and blood vessels, as well as internal organs in the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis.

    • The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a self-regulating part of the nervous system that controls vital functions and physiological processes not under voluntary control.

    • ANS consists of two motor neurons: a preganglionic neuron with its cell body in the CNS and a postganglionic neuron with its cell body in a ganglion outside the CNS.

    • ANS has a chain of ganglia: the parasympathetic system with its ganglia located along the craniosacral nerve, and the sympathetic system with its ganglia located along the spinal cord.

    • The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, characterized by increased heart rate and blood pressure, and inhibited blood flow to the stomach and skeletal muscles.

    • The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for the rest-and-digest response, characterized by a decrease in heart rate and increased glandular secretion.

    • Some organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, such as the heart, glands, and blood vessels.

    • Sweat glands are mainly innervated by sympathetic nerves, but postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine for epinephrine secretion.

    • The salivary glands receive innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, but the volume and composition of the saliva differ depending on which autonomic branch is dominant.

    • Blood vessels receive mainly sympathetic innervation, with stimulation of sympathetic nerves causing vasoconstriction and postganglionic fibers releasing acetylcholine for vasodilation.

    • The adrenal gland is an exception to the rule, with both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems innervating it, and the adrenal medulla being a major organ of the sympathetic nervous system.

    • The adrenal gland can cause body-wide release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine in an extreme emergency.

    • The spinal cord contains acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE) fibers, with sympathetic preganglionic fibers releasing epinephrine from the adrenal medulla.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the arrangement and distribution of the autonomic nervous system and its associated ganglia with this quiz. Explore the functional divisions and prehieral nervous system components. Learning objectives include comprehending the arrangement of the autonomic NS and its associated ganglia, as well as explaining the distribution of autonomic nerves.

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