Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of the learning objectives for this lecture?
What is the main focus of the learning objectives for this lecture?
- Understanding the distribution of autonomic nerves in the body
- Exploring the functional division of the autonomic nervous system
- Comprehending the arrangement of the autonomic NS and its associated ganglia (correct)
- Learning about the difference between somatic and autonomic motor nerve distribution
Which part of the body is primarily innervated by the somatic nervous system?
Which part of the body is primarily innervated by the somatic nervous system?
- Skin, skeletal muscles, joints, bones, and ligaments (correct)
- Internal organs, glands, and blood vessels
- Sensory neurons
- Smooth and cardiac muscles
What is the primary target of the autonomic/visceral nervous system?
What is the primary target of the autonomic/visceral nervous system?
- Sensory neurons
- Internal organs, glands, and blood vessels
- Smooth and cardiac muscles, as well as glands (correct)
- Skeletal muscles
Where do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers form splanchnic nerves?
Where do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers form splanchnic nerves?
Which spinal segments do the preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers exit from for the sacral outflow?
Which spinal segments do the preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers exit from for the sacral outflow?
Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers exit for the cranial outflow?
Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers exit for the cranial outflow?
Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic preganglionic fibers?
Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic preganglionic fibers?
Where do the postganglionic fibers supply the abdomen and pelvic organs?
Where do the postganglionic fibers supply the abdomen and pelvic organs?
Which part of the body are cavernous tissue of penis and clitoris supplied by?
Which part of the body are cavernous tissue of penis and clitoris supplied by?
Which part of the brain receives inputs from insular cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia for controlling preganglionic autonomic neurons?
Which part of the brain receives inputs from insular cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia for controlling preganglionic autonomic neurons?
Where are neurons of the enteric nervous system located?
Where are neurons of the enteric nervous system located?
What is one function of the enteric nervous system?
What is one function of the enteric nervous system?
Where are visceral sensory fibers associated with parasympathetic fibers mainly carried?
Where are visceral sensory fibers associated with parasympathetic fibers mainly carried?
What is referred pain?
What is referred pain?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'Fight or Flight Response'?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'Fight or Flight Response'?
Where are the ganglia of the Parasympathetic Division located?
Where are the ganglia of the Parasympathetic Division located?
Which part of the nervous system controls peripheral effectors as skin glands, erector pili muscles, and blood vessels?
Which part of the nervous system controls peripheral effectors as skin glands, erector pili muscles, and blood vessels?
Where do the preganglionic fibers of the Sympathetic Nervous System exit the spinal cord?
Where do the preganglionic fibers of the Sympathetic Nervous System exit the spinal cord?
Where are autonomic ganglia located?
Where are autonomic ganglia located?
How many nerves control the Somatic Motor System?
How many nerves control the Somatic Motor System?
Where are Parasympathetic ganglia located?
Where are Parasympathetic ganglia located?
How many divisions does ANS have?
How many divisions does ANS have?
What is a characteristic of sympathetic ganglia?
What is a characteristic of sympathetic ganglia?
What does the Parasympathetic Division do to heart rate?
What does the Parasympathetic Division do to heart rate?
What is a characteristic of autonomic ganglia?
What is a characteristic of autonomic ganglia?
What are the main functions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
What are the main functions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for the 'Fight or Flight Response'?
Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for the 'Fight or Flight Response'?
Where do the postganglionic fibers supply the abdomen and pelvic organs?
Where do the postganglionic fibers supply the abdomen and pelvic organs?
What is a characteristic of autonomic ganglia?
What is a characteristic of autonomic ganglia?
What enzyme is inhibited by organophosphates in the case of poisoning described?
What enzyme is inhibited by organophosphates in the case of poisoning described?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for the muscarinic signs observed in organophosphate poisoning?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for the muscarinic signs observed in organophosphate poisoning?
What is the main reason for administering atropine in organophosphate poisoning?
What is the main reason for administering atropine in organophosphate poisoning?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with organophosphate poisoning?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with organophosphate poisoning?
What effect does organophosphate poisoning have on skeletal muscle?
What effect does organophosphate poisoning have on skeletal muscle?
Where are the sites of release of acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system?
Where are the sites of release of acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest-and-digest response?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest-and-digest response?
Which system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
Which system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
Which organ receives dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
Which organ receives dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
Which type of fibers release acetylcholine for epinephrine secretion in sweat glands?
Which type of fibers release acetylcholine for epinephrine secretion in sweat glands?
What do postganglionic fibers release for vasodilation in blood vessels?
What do postganglionic fibers release for vasodilation in blood vessels?
Which organ is an exception to the rule of receiving both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?
Which organ is an exception to the rule of receiving both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?
What does the adrenal medulla release in an extreme emergency?
What does the adrenal medulla release in an extreme emergency?
What do sympathetic preganglionic fibers release from the adrenal medulla?
What do sympathetic preganglionic fibers release from the adrenal medulla?
Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic system located?
Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic system located?
Where are postganglionic neurons of ANS located?
Where are postganglionic neurons of ANS located?
What does stimulation of sympathetic nerves cause in blood vessels?
What does stimulation of sympathetic nerves cause in blood vessels?
Study Notes
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EE (Enteric Nervous System) and ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) are two different parts of the nervous system
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The Somatic Motor System is controlled by a single nerve, while the ANS has two nerves: the preganglionic and postganglionic nerves
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The ANS has two divisions: the Sympathetic Division (Fight or Flight Response) and the Parasympathetic Division (Rest and Digest Response)
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The Sympathetic Division increases heart rate and blood pressure, depresses digestive function, and increases sweating
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The Parasympathetic Division slows heart rate, falls in pressure, increases digestive functions, and stops sweating
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The Sympathetic Division has its ganglia located in the Thoracolumbar outflow, while the Parasympathetic Division has its ganglia in the Craniosacral outflow
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Autonomic ganglia are located outside the CNS in the PNS, providing a location for synapse and are of two types: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
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Sympathetic ganglia are located along the sympathetic trunk and there are about 24 ganglia in each sympathetic trunk
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Parasympathetic ganglia are smaller and located more peripherally than sympathetic ganglia, typically situated adjacent to the viscera they supply
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The Sympathetic Nervous System has a wide distribution targeting peripheral effectors and internal organs in the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
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Sympathetic preganglionic fibers exit the spinal cord at T1-L2 segments and join the sympathetic chain as white rami communicans
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Parasympathetic ganglia include the Ciliary, Pterygopalatine, Otic, and Submandibular ganglia, among others, and are located adjacent to the viscera they supply
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The Sympathetic Nervous System has a wide distribution targeting peripheral effectors as skin glands, erector pili muscles, and blood vessels, as well as internal organs in the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis.
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The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a self-regulating part of the nervous system that controls vital functions and physiological processes not under voluntary control.
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ANS consists of two motor neurons: a preganglionic neuron with its cell body in the CNS and a postganglionic neuron with its cell body in a ganglion outside the CNS.
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ANS has a chain of ganglia: the parasympathetic system with its ganglia located along the craniosacral nerve, and the sympathetic system with its ganglia located along the spinal cord.
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The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, characterized by increased heart rate and blood pressure, and inhibited blood flow to the stomach and skeletal muscles.
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The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for the rest-and-digest response, characterized by a decrease in heart rate and increased glandular secretion.
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Some organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, such as the heart, glands, and blood vessels.
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Sweat glands are mainly innervated by sympathetic nerves, but postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine for epinephrine secretion.
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The salivary glands receive innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, but the volume and composition of the saliva differ depending on which autonomic branch is dominant.
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Blood vessels receive mainly sympathetic innervation, with stimulation of sympathetic nerves causing vasoconstriction and postganglionic fibers releasing acetylcholine for vasodilation.
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The adrenal gland is an exception to the rule, with both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems innervating it, and the adrenal medulla being a major organ of the sympathetic nervous system.
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The adrenal gland can cause body-wide release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine in an extreme emergency.
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The spinal cord contains acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE) fibers, with sympathetic preganglionic fibers releasing epinephrine from the adrenal medulla.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the arrangement and distribution of the autonomic nervous system and its associated ganglia with this quiz. Explore the functional divisions and prehieral nervous system components. Learning objectives include comprehending the arrangement of the autonomic NS and its associated ganglia, as well as explaining the distribution of autonomic nerves.
