Questions and Answers
Which bones comprise the shoulder or pectoral girdle?
What is the anatomical position of the scapula?
It lies on the posterolateral aspect of the chest wall covering the backs of the ribs 2-7.
The scapula has four processes.
False
The bones of the forearm include the ______ and the ______.
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Match the following parts of the scapula with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Anatomical Abbreviations
- Abbreviations facilitate communication in anatomy:
- Rt for right, Lt for left
- a* for artery, aa* for arteries
- V* for vein, VV* for veins
- n for nerve, nn for nerves
- m* for muscle, mm for muscles
- ant* for anterior, post* for posterior
- md* for medial, lat* for lateral
- sup* for superior, inf* for inferior
- l* for lymph node, LN for lymph nodes
- Lg* for ligament, Lg* for ligaments
- flex for flexor, add for adductor, abd for abductor
- U.L for upper limb, L.L for lower limb
- O for cervical, T for thoracic, L for lumbar, S for sacral
- br for branch, br* for branches
Index of Contents
- Covers various anatomical structures and regions of the upper limb:
- Bones of the upper limb including shoulder girdle, upper arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
- Detailed discussions on pectoral region, musculature of shoulder and arm, forearm muscles, and anatomical spaces
- Sections on arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
- Information on joints and ossification patterns
Bones of the Upper Limb
- Comprised of:
- Shoulder girdle including clavicle (anterior) and scapula (posterior)
- Humerus forms the upper arm bone
- Forearm contains the radius (lateral) and ulna (medial)
- Bones of the hand encompass carpals (wrist), metacarpals (palm), and phalanges (fingers)
Scapula
- Flat bone forming the posterior aspect of the shoulder girdle through cartilaginous ossification
- Anatomical positioning:
- Positioned posterolaterally on thoracic wall, covering ribs 2-7
- Medial border aligns parallel to the vertebral column, ~5 cm away from spine
- Surfaces oriented between front-back and side-side
- Key features:
- Two surfaces (anterior and posterior), three borders (superior, medial, lateral), and three angles (superior, inferior, lateral)
- Notable fossae: subscapular, supraspinous, infraspinous
- Three processes: spine, acromion, coracoid process
- Contains suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches
Scapular Tubercle and Notches
- Supra-glenoid tubercle: Rough projection above the glenoid cavity
- Infra-glenoid tubercle: Triangular area below the glenoid cavity
- Tubercle of the spine: Rough projection from the lower lip of the scapular spine
- Circumflex scapular notch: Groove on dorsal aspect of the lateral border for circumflex scapular artery
Subcutaneous Bony Landmarks
- Palpable features include:
- Acromion located above the deltoid muscle
- Coracoid process beneath the junction of the medial border
- Crest of the scapular spine
- Inferior angle
- Lower medial border of the scapula
General Features of the Scapula
- Structurally includes:
- Two surfaces and three borders
- Three angles and several fossae for muscle attachment
- Multiple notches forming foramens for nerve and vessel passage
Ossification of the Scapula
- Development through cartilage, making it a critical area in upper limb anatomy.
This content offers a concise overview of upper limb anatomy, focusing on key terms, structures, and features essential for understanding the subject matter.
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Description
This hand-out covers fundamental concepts of anatomy authored by Dr. Sameh Doss, a professor at Cairo University. It serves as an educational resource for medical students, outlining key anatomical abbreviations and principles. This material is vital for understanding human anatomy in a clinical context.
