Anatomy Hand-out by Dr. Sameh Doss

Anatomical Abbreviations

• Abbreviations facilitate communication in anatomy:
  • Rt for right, Lt for left
  • a* for artery, aa* for arteries
  • V* for vein, VV* for veins
  • n for nerve, nn for nerves
  • m* for muscle, mm for muscles
  • ant* for anterior, post* for posterior
  • md* for medial, lat* for lateral
  • sup* for superior, inf* for inferior
  • l* for lymph node, LN for lymph nodes
  • Lg* for ligament, Lg* for ligaments
  • flex for flexor, add for adductor, abd for abductor
  • U.L for upper limb, L.L for lower limb
  • O for cervical, T for thoracic, L for lumbar, S for sacral
  • br for branch, br* for branches

Index of Contents

• Covers various anatomical structures and regions of the upper limb:
  • Bones of the upper limb including shoulder girdle, upper arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
  • Detailed discussions on pectoral region, musculature of shoulder and arm, forearm muscles, and anatomical spaces
  • Sections on arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
  • Information on joints and ossification patterns

Bones of the Upper Limb

• Comprised of:
  • Shoulder girdle including clavicle (anterior) and scapula (posterior)
  • Humerus forms the upper arm bone
  • Forearm contains the radius (lateral) and ulna (medial)
  • Bones of the hand encompass carpals (wrist), metacarpals (palm), and phalanges (fingers)

Scapula

• Flat bone forming the posterior aspect of the shoulder girdle through cartilaginous ossification
• Anatomical positioning:
  • Positioned posterolaterally on thoracic wall, covering ribs 2-7
  • Medial border aligns parallel to the vertebral column, ~5 cm away from spine
  • Surfaces oriented between front-back and side-side
• Key features:
  • Two surfaces (anterior and posterior), three borders (superior, medial, lateral), and three angles (superior, inferior, lateral)
  • Notable fossae: subscapular, supraspinous, infraspinous
  • Three processes: spine, acromion, coracoid process
  • Contains suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches

Scapular Tubercle and Notches

• Supra-glenoid tubercle: Rough projection above the glenoid cavity
• Infra-glenoid tubercle: Triangular area below the glenoid cavity
• Tubercle of the spine: Rough projection from the lower lip of the scapular spine
• Circumflex scapular notch: Groove on dorsal aspect of the lateral border for circumflex scapular artery

Subcutaneous Bony Landmarks

• Palpable features include:
  • Acromion located above the deltoid muscle
  • Coracoid process beneath the junction of the medial border
  • Crest of the scapular spine
  • Inferior angle
  • Lower medial border of the scapula

General Features of the Scapula

• Structurally includes:
  • Two surfaces and three borders
  • Three angles and several fossae for muscle attachment
  • Multiple notches forming foramens for nerve and vessel passage

Ossification of the Scapula

• Development through cartilage, making it a critical area in upper limb anatomy.

This content offers a concise overview of upper limb anatomy, focusing on key terms, structures, and features essential for understanding the subject matter.

This hand-out covers fundamental concepts of anatomy authored by Dr. Sameh Doss, a professor at Cairo University. It serves as an educational resource for medical students, outlining key anatomical abbreviations and principles. This material is vital for understanding human anatomy in a clinical context.