Anatomy: Gross and Microscopic
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Questions and Answers

A researcher is studying the arrangement of muscle tissues within the heart wall. Which branch of anatomy is MOST relevant to this research?

  • Histology (correct)
  • Surface Anatomy
  • Regional Anatomy
  • Comparative Anatomy

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between the elbow and the wrist?

  • The elbow is anterior to the wrist.
  • The elbow is medial to the wrist.
  • The elbow is proximal to the wrist. (correct)
  • The elbow is distal to the wrist.

A doctor is examining a patient with a suspected liver problem. Using only external landmarks, which anatomical approach would be MOST beneficial in locating the liver?

  • Systemic Anatomy
  • Microscopic Anatomy
  • Surface Anatomy (correct)
  • Developmental Anatomy

During a surgery, a surgeon needs to divide the kidney into anterior and posterior sections. Which of the following planes should the surgeon use?

<p>Frontal (Coronal) Plane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A biologist is studying the structural similarities between the wings of a bat and the arms of a human. Although they serve different functions, they share a common skeletal structure. This is an example of what?

<p>Homologous Structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context would an embryologist MOST likely study the process of gastrulation?

<p>Investigating early development of an embryo. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which directional term MOST accurately describes the position of the nose relative to the eyes?

<p>The nose is inferior to the eyes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is comparing the heart structure of a fish, a reptile, and a mammal. What type of anatomical study is this?

<p>Comparative Anatomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly pairs an organ with its primary function in the lymphatic system?

<p>Tonsils: Protection against throat infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During strenuous exercise, a runner's respiratory rate increases. Which of the following best explains the physiological mechanism behind this?

<p>Increased carbon dioxide levels stimulating the respiratory center in the brain to increase breathing rate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with a condition that impairs the function of the gallbladder. How would this condition most directly affect the digestive process?

<p>Impaired ability to emulsify fats in the small intestine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person's kidneys are failing, which of the following processes would be most directly compromised?

<p>Filtration of blood and removal of waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the correct order of structures through which urine passes after it is formed in the kidney?

<p>Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A couple is having difficulty conceiving. If testing reveals that the male has a blockage in the vas deferens, which aspect of reproduction would be directly affected?

<p>Transport of sperm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a healthy individual, what is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would removal of the large intestine impact the digestive process?

<p>Decreased water absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has damage to the nephrons in their kidneys, which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

<p>Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in urine formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

<p>To transport eggs to the uterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a body cavity with its primary subdivisions?

<p>Dorsal cavity: cranial cavity and vertebral canal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bone that is roughly cube-shaped, such as a carpal or tarsal, is classified as which type of bone?

<p>Short bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

<p>Hormone production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the structural classification of joints, which type is characterized by a joint capsule and fluid-filled cavity?

<p>Synovial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle tissue type is responsible for involuntary movements within internal organs and blood vessels?

<p>Smooth muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle action results in decreasing the angle between bones?

<p>Flexion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties allows muscle tissue to respond to stimuli?

<p>Excitability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The somatic nervous system is responsible for which type of bodily function?

<p>Voluntary movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is primarily responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining balance?

<p>Cerebellum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glial cells in the nervous system?

<p>Supporting and protecting neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following endocrine glands directly regulates metabolism?

<p>Thyroid gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hormones in the endocrine system?

<p>Regulating bodily functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel is responsible for carrying blood away from the heart?

<p>Arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is primarily involved in immune defense?

<p>White blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lymphatic system related to fluid balance?

<p>Returning fluid to the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anatomy

The study of the structure of living organisms, including their components, organization, and relationships.

Gross Anatomy

Examines structures visible without a microscope, using approaches like systemic, regional, and surface anatomy.

Microscopic Anatomy

Studies structures at the cellular and tissue level, using microscopy.

Developmental Anatomy

Studies the changes that occur from conception to adulthood, including embryology.

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Comparative Anatomy

Compares anatomical structures of different species to understand evolutionary relationships.

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Anatomical Position

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward; the standard reference point.

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Superior

Toward the head.

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Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

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Spleen function

Filters blood and removes damaged red blood cells.

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Thymus function

Matures T cells, which are crucial for immunity.

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Tonsils function

Protects against infection in the throat.

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Lymph

Fluid transported by lymphatic vessels, containing white blood cells.

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Inspiration

The process of bringing air into the lungs.

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Expiration

The process of forcing air out of the lungs.

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Small intestine

The main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

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Liver function

Produces bile, which aids in fat digestion.

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Kidneys function

Filters blood and produces urine.

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Testes function

Produces sperm and testosterone.

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Dorsal Cavity

Houses the brain and spinal cord.

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Ventral Cavity

Contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

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Long Bones

Bones longer than they are wide (e.g., femur).

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Compact Bone

Dense outer layer of bone.

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Axial Skeleton

Includes skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

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Diarthroses

Freely movable joints.

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Flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint.

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Abduction

Moves a limb away from the midline.

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Excitability (Muscle Tissue)

Ability to respond to stimuli.

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord.

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Somatic Nervous System

Controls voluntary movements.

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Neurons

Transmit electrical and chemical signals.

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Endocrine System

Regulate bodily functions via hormones.

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Thyroid Gland

Located in the neck, regulates metabolism

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Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart.

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Description

Anatomy is the study of the structure of living things. It includes gross anatomy, which examines structures visible without a microscope, and microscopic anatomy, which studies structures at the cellular and tissue level. Approaches to gross anatomy include systemic, regional, and surface anatomy.

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