24 Questions
What type of movement decreases the angle between the bones or parts of the body?
Flexion
In an extended joint, the angle between the articulating bones is always 90°.
False
What is the term for the movement of the foot or toes toward the plantar surface?
Plantarflexion
The description of joint movements is in reference to the _______________ position.
anatomical
What type of movement increases the angle between the bones or parts of the body?
Extension
Match the following types of angular movements with their descriptions:
Flexion = Decreases the angle between the bones or parts of the body Extension = Increases the angle between the bones or parts of the body Abduction = Moves away from the midline of the body Adduction = Moves toward the midline of the body
Cranial refers to the head region.
True
What is the term for the movement of the foot or toes upward, as occurs when walking uphill?
Dorsiflexion
What is the combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction that occurs in a circular movement?
Circumduction
Inversion moves the sole of the foot away from the median plane.
False
What is the movement of the 1st digit away from the position of opposition?
Reposition
The movement of the mandible (sticking the chin out) is called ______________.
Protusion
Which joint can perform circumduction?
Hip joint
Eversion is a movement that moves the sole of the foot toward the median plane.
False
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Inversion = Moving the sole of the foot toward the median plane Eversion = Moving the sole of the foot away from the median plane Opposition = Moving the pad of the 1st digit to another digit pad Circumduction = A circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
What is the movement of the mandible (tucking the chin in) called?
Retrusion
What is the definition of hyperextension in the body?
A joint angle greater than 180°
Dorsiflexion is a type of flexion movement.
False
What is the term for moving away from the median plane in the coronal plane?
Abduction
When the foot is extended, it is _______________ (e.g., when standing on your toes).
plantarflexed
What is an example of circular movement in the body?
Rotation
Adduction means moving away from the median plane in the coronal plane.
False
Match the following types of movements with their descriptions:
Flexion = Decreasing the joint angle Extension = Increasing the joint angle Hyperextension = A joint angle greater than 180° Abduction = Moving away from the median plane in the coronal plane
What is the term for moving the anterior surface of a limb closer to the median plane?
Medial rotation
Study Notes
Directional Terms
- Cranial relates to the cranium (skull) and is a useful directional term when referring to the head region, commonly used by embryologists.
Joint Movements
- Joint movements are broadly classified as angular and circular movements.
- Angular movements increase or decrease the joint's angle produced by the articulating bones.
- Circular movements involve turning or revolving a part of the body around its longitudinal axis.
Angular Movements
- Flexion: indicates bending or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body.
- Extension: indicates straightening or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body.
- Abduction: means moving away from the median plane in the coronal plane.
- Adduction: means moving toward the median plane in a coronal plane.
Special Movements
- Dorsiflexion: describes flexion at the ankle joint, as occurs when walking uphill or lifting the toes off the ground.
- Plantarflexion: turns the foot or toes toward the plantar surface, as occurs when standing on your toes.
- Circumduction: a circular movement that is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction occurring in such a way that the distal end of the part moves in a circle.
- Inversion: moves the sole of the foot toward the median plane (facing the sole medially).
- Eversion: moves the sole of the foot away from the median plane (turning the sole laterally).
- Opposition: the movement by which the pad of the 1st digit (thumb) is brought to another digit pad.
- Reposition: describes the movement of the 1st digit away from the position of opposition back to its anatomical position.
- Protrusion: a movement anteriorly (forward) as occurs in protruding the mandible (sticking the chin out).
- Retrusion: a movement posteriorly (backward) as occurs in retruding the mandible (tucking the chin in).
- Hyperextension: occurs when a part of the body is extended beyond the anatomical position so that the joint angle is greater than 180°.
Learn about the cranial region, directional terms, and joint movements in the human body, including angular and circular movements.
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