Anatomy Chapter 8 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is classified as a fibrous joint?

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

Pivot

Gomphosis (correct)

What type of joints are bones united mainly by fibrocartilage?

Symphyses

What are the joints formed by a plate of hyaline cartilage called?

Synchondroses

What type of fibrous joint is characterized as 'peg-in-socket'?

Gomphoses Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint has bones connected exclusively by ligaments?

Syndesmoses Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the interlocked bony edges connected by short fibers?

Sutures Signup and view all the answers

All joints of the limbs are classified as __________ joints.

Synovial Signup and view all the answers

Muscle tone is a natural contributor to joint stability.

True Signup and view all the answers

The role of synovial fluid is to __________.

Lubricate joints Signup and view all the answers

Flattened fibrous sacs that reduce friction between adjacent structures are called __________.

Bursae Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'nonaxial movement' mean?

Slipping movements only Signup and view all the answers

Extension is the reverse of flexion.

True Signup and view all the answers

What describes the movement of the radius around the ulna when the palms are facing upward?

Supination Signup and view all the answers

Shrugging one's shoulders primarily involves __________.

Elevation and depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condylar joint?

Knuckle joint where the phalanges attach to the metacarpals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a synovial joint?

Suture joint Signup and view all the answers

The oblique popliteal ligament __________.

Stabilizes the posterior aspect of the knee joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to instability of the shoulder joint?

The small size of the glenoid cavity compared to the head of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

The depth of the socket in a ball-and-socket joint does not usually affect joint stability.

False Signup and view all the answers

Chewing would involve the __________ joint.

Temporomandibular Signup and view all the answers

The presence of uric acid crystals in the joints is a hallmark of __________.

Gout Signup and view all the answers

A ligamentous connection between the lower leg bones is called a __________.

Syndesmosis Signup and view all the answers

Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body is called __________.

Adduction Signup and view all the answers

A synovial joint is an example of a(n) __________.

Diarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is called __________.

Inversion Signup and view all the answers

An immovable joint is a(n) __________.

Synarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

Bursae may be located in all of the following EXCEPT which areas?

Around blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Decreasing the angle between bones is called __________.

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

In an uniaxial articulation, __________.

Movement can occur in only one axis Signup and view all the answers

Osteoarthritis is considered __________.

A type of arthritis, referred to as degenerative joint disease or 'wear-and-tear arthritis' Signup and view all the answers

The joint at the base of the thumb is an example of a(n) __________ joint.

Saddle Signup and view all the answers

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the __________ joint.

Shoulder Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments prevent backward displacement of the tibia or forward sliding of the femur?

Cruciate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?

Increases osmotic pressure within the joint Signup and view all the answers

The epiphyseal growth plate is an example of a(n) __________.

Synchondrosis Signup and view all the answers

Why are there NO blood vessels inside the joint cavity of synovial joints?

Movement would damage the delicate blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a synovial joint?

Costosternal joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements is ONLY possible at the thumb?

Opposition Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are structural classifications of joints, EXCEPT __________.

Osseous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints have a joint cavity?

Knee Signup and view all the answers

'Weeping lubrication' is caused by the __________ in a synovial joint.

Synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors would NOT provide stability to a synovial joint?

The presence of tendon sheaths and bursae Signup and view all the answers

What percent of their length can ligaments be stretched and NOT snap?

6% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements is considered the simplest synovial joint movement?

Gliding of ribs on the articular facet of a vertebra Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements is an example of circumduction movement?

A pitcher winding up to throw the ball Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forces to the knee would be the most dangerous?

A lateral force to the extended knee Signup and view all the answers

The 'superstabilizer' of the shoulder joint is the __________.

The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes the most to the stability of the hip joint?

The deep socket that encloses the femoral head Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following provides the most stability to the elbow?

The ulnar trochlear notch Signup and view all the answers

'Water on the knee' is caused by __________.

Bursitis of the prepatellar bursa Signup and view all the answers

The release of the enzyme metalloproteinase is thought to contribute to the development of __________.

Osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers

An immovable joint is a(n) __________.

Synarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

A joint formed by fusion of two bones is called a __________.

Synostosis Signup and view all the answers

A freely movable joint is a(n) __________.

Diarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

A slightly movable joint is a(n) __________.

Amphiarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

Decreasing the angle between bones is called __________.

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body is called __________.

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

The movement of a body part forward in a horizontal plane is called __________.

Protraction Signup and view all the answers

Extending a body part past the anatomical position is called __________.

Hyperextension Signup and view all the answers

The elbow joint is an example of a __________ joint.

Hinge Signup and view all the answers

The radioulnar joint is an example of a __________ joint.

Pivot Signup and view all the answers

The metacarpophalangeal joint is an example of a __________ joint.

Condylar Signup and view all the answers

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of a __________ joint.

Saddle Signup and view all the answers

The shoulder joint is an example of a __________ joint.

Ball and socket Signup and view all the answers

The popliteal ligaments reinforce which joint?

Back of the knee joint Signup and view all the answers

The femur condyle ligaments reinforce which joint?

Lateral surface of the knee joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement permitted by the elbow joint?

Flexion and extension Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for opening your mouth?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

What type of motion is described as a twisting action of the foot that turns the sole medially?

Inversion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joint Classifications

Fibrous Joints: Include gomphosis, sutures, syndesmoses.
Cartilaginous Joints: Divided into symphyses (fibrocartilage) and synchondroses (hyaline cartilage).
Synovial Joints: Characterized by a joint cavity, allowing for diarthrotic (freely movable) movements.

Important Joint Features

Gomphosis: A peg-in-socket fibrous joint, like teeth in the mandible/maxilla.
Sutures: Immovable joints found between skull bones, with bones interlocked by short fibers.
Syndesmoses: Joints connected exclusively by ligaments.
Bursae: Flattened fibrous sacs that reduce friction in synovial joints.

Movement Terminology

Flexion: Decreases the angle between bones.
Extension: Increases the angle, reverse of flexion.
Abduction: Movement of a limb away from the body midline.
Adduction: Movement of a limb toward the body midline.
Circumduction: A conical movement, like a pitcher's windup.
Supination: Rotating the forearm so palms face upward.

Stability and Joint Support

Muscle tone contributes to joint stability and supports the ligaments around joints.
Synovial fluid lubricates joints, reduces friction, and aids in shock absorption.
The depth of a socket in ball-and-socket joints significantly affects joint stability.

Specific Joint Types

Hinge Joint: Example is the elbow, allowing flexion and extension.
Pivot Joint: Example is the radioulnar joint, allowing rotation.
Condylar Joint: Found in knuckle joints, permitting movement but not rotation.
Saddle Joint: Found at the base of the thumb, allows for opposition.

Pathologies and Concerns

Gout: Characterized by the presence of uric acid crystals in joints.
Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease, often seen in aging populations.
Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa, often resulting from repetitive motion.

Assessment of Movement

Nonaxial movements: Slipping movements without rotation.
Uniaxial movements: Occur around one axis, like elbow flexion.
Biaxial movements: Occur around two axes, like in the metacarpophalangeal joint.
Multiaxial movements: Occur across multiple axes, like the shoulder joint.

Ligaments and Joint Support

Cruciate ligaments: Prevent forward and backward sliding of the tibia and femur.
Popliteal ligaments: Reinforce the back aspect of the knee.
Good stability in joints comes from proper muscle tone, well-fit articular surfaces, and ligaments.

Notable Points

"Water on the knee" is caused by bursitis of the prepatellar bursa.
Synovial joints do not have blood vessels in the cavity to avoid damage to delicate structures.
Tendon sheaths and bursae assist but do not provide joint stability directly.

Special Movements

Opposition: Unique movement at the thumb, not found in other joints.
Shrugging shoulders involves elevation and depression movements.
Injurious forces on the knee, like lateral forces on an extended knee, can be particularly damaging.

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Description

Test your knowledge of fibrous joints with this matching quiz based on Chapter 8 of Anatomy. Each question focuses on the definitions and classifications of various types of joints. Prepare to enhance your understanding of joint types and their characteristics.