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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is classified as a fibrous joint?
Which of the following is classified as a fibrous joint?
- Synchondrosis
- Symphysis
- Pivot
- Gomphosis (correct)
What type of joints are bones united mainly by fibrocartilage?
What type of joints are bones united mainly by fibrocartilage?
Symphyses
What are the joints formed by a plate of hyaline cartilage called?
What are the joints formed by a plate of hyaline cartilage called?
Synchondroses
What type of fibrous joint is characterized as 'peg-in-socket'?
What type of fibrous joint is characterized as 'peg-in-socket'?
What type of joint has bones connected exclusively by ligaments?
What type of joint has bones connected exclusively by ligaments?
What term describes the interlocked bony edges connected by short fibers?
What term describes the interlocked bony edges connected by short fibers?
All joints of the limbs are classified as __________ joints.
All joints of the limbs are classified as __________ joints.
Muscle tone is a natural contributor to joint stability.
Muscle tone is a natural contributor to joint stability.
The role of synovial fluid is to __________.
The role of synovial fluid is to __________.
Flattened fibrous sacs that reduce friction between adjacent structures are called __________.
Flattened fibrous sacs that reduce friction between adjacent structures are called __________.
What does the term 'nonaxial movement' mean?
What does the term 'nonaxial movement' mean?
Extension is the reverse of flexion.
Extension is the reverse of flexion.
What describes the movement of the radius around the ulna when the palms are facing upward?
What describes the movement of the radius around the ulna when the palms are facing upward?
Shrugging one's shoulders primarily involves __________.
Shrugging one's shoulders primarily involves __________.
Which of the following is a condylar joint?
Which of the following is a condylar joint?
Which of the following is NOT a synovial joint?
Which of the following is NOT a synovial joint?
The oblique popliteal ligament __________.
The oblique popliteal ligament __________.
Which of the following contributes to instability of the shoulder joint?
Which of the following contributes to instability of the shoulder joint?
The depth of the socket in a ball-and-socket joint does not usually affect joint stability.
The depth of the socket in a ball-and-socket joint does not usually affect joint stability.
Chewing would involve the __________ joint.
Chewing would involve the __________ joint.
The presence of uric acid crystals in the joints is a hallmark of __________.
The presence of uric acid crystals in the joints is a hallmark of __________.
A ligamentous connection between the lower leg bones is called a __________.
A ligamentous connection between the lower leg bones is called a __________.
Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body is called __________.
Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body is called __________.
A synovial joint is an example of a(n) __________.
A synovial joint is an example of a(n) __________.
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is called __________.
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is called __________.
An immovable joint is a(n) __________.
An immovable joint is a(n) __________.
Bursae may be located in all of the following EXCEPT which areas?
Bursae may be located in all of the following EXCEPT which areas?
Decreasing the angle between bones is called __________.
Decreasing the angle between bones is called __________.
In an uniaxial articulation, __________.
In an uniaxial articulation, __________.
Osteoarthritis is considered __________.
Osteoarthritis is considered __________.
The joint at the base of the thumb is an example of a(n) __________ joint.
The joint at the base of the thumb is an example of a(n) __________ joint.
The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the __________ joint.
The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the __________ joint.
Which ligaments prevent backward displacement of the tibia or forward sliding of the femur?
Which ligaments prevent backward displacement of the tibia or forward sliding of the femur?
Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?
Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?
The epiphyseal growth plate is an example of a(n) __________.
The epiphyseal growth plate is an example of a(n) __________.
Why are there NO blood vessels inside the joint cavity of synovial joints?
Why are there NO blood vessels inside the joint cavity of synovial joints?
Which of the following is NOT a synovial joint?
Which of the following is NOT a synovial joint?
Which of the following movements is ONLY possible at the thumb?
Which of the following movements is ONLY possible at the thumb?
All of the following are structural classifications of joints, EXCEPT __________.
All of the following are structural classifications of joints, EXCEPT __________.
Which of the following joints have a joint cavity?
Which of the following joints have a joint cavity?
'Weeping lubrication' is caused by the __________ in a synovial joint.
'Weeping lubrication' is caused by the __________ in a synovial joint.
Which of the following factors would NOT provide stability to a synovial joint?
Which of the following factors would NOT provide stability to a synovial joint?
What percent of their length can ligaments be stretched and NOT snap?
What percent of their length can ligaments be stretched and NOT snap?
Which of the following movements is considered the simplest synovial joint movement?
Which of the following movements is considered the simplest synovial joint movement?
Which of the following movements is an example of circumduction movement?
Which of the following movements is an example of circumduction movement?
Which of the following forces to the knee would be the most dangerous?
Which of the following forces to the knee would be the most dangerous?
The 'superstabilizer' of the shoulder joint is the __________.
The 'superstabilizer' of the shoulder joint is the __________.
Which of the following factors contributes the most to the stability of the hip joint?
Which of the following factors contributes the most to the stability of the hip joint?
Which of the following provides the most stability to the elbow?
Which of the following provides the most stability to the elbow?
'Water on the knee' is caused by __________.
'Water on the knee' is caused by __________.
The release of the enzyme metalloproteinase is thought to contribute to the development of __________.
The release of the enzyme metalloproteinase is thought to contribute to the development of __________.
An immovable joint is a(n) __________.
An immovable joint is a(n) __________.
A joint formed by fusion of two bones is called a __________.
A joint formed by fusion of two bones is called a __________.
A freely movable joint is a(n) __________.
A freely movable joint is a(n) __________.
A slightly movable joint is a(n) __________.
A slightly movable joint is a(n) __________.
Decreasing the angle between bones is called __________.
Decreasing the angle between bones is called __________.
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body is called __________.
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body is called __________.
The movement of a body part forward in a horizontal plane is called __________.
The movement of a body part forward in a horizontal plane is called __________.
Extending a body part past the anatomical position is called __________.
Extending a body part past the anatomical position is called __________.
The elbow joint is an example of a __________ joint.
The elbow joint is an example of a __________ joint.
The radioulnar joint is an example of a __________ joint.
The radioulnar joint is an example of a __________ joint.
The metacarpophalangeal joint is an example of a __________ joint.
The metacarpophalangeal joint is an example of a __________ joint.
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of a __________ joint.
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of a __________ joint.
The shoulder joint is an example of a __________ joint.
The shoulder joint is an example of a __________ joint.
The popliteal ligaments reinforce which joint?
The popliteal ligaments reinforce which joint?
The femur condyle ligaments reinforce which joint?
The femur condyle ligaments reinforce which joint?
What is the term for the movement permitted by the elbow joint?
What is the term for the movement permitted by the elbow joint?
What is the term for opening your mouth?
What is the term for opening your mouth?
What type of motion is described as a twisting action of the foot that turns the sole medially?
What type of motion is described as a twisting action of the foot that turns the sole medially?
Study Notes
Joint Classifications
- Fibrous Joints: Include gomphosis, sutures, syndesmoses.
- Cartilaginous Joints: Divided into symphyses (fibrocartilage) and synchondroses (hyaline cartilage).
- Synovial Joints: Characterized by a joint cavity, allowing for diarthrotic (freely movable) movements.
Important Joint Features
- Gomphosis: A peg-in-socket fibrous joint, like teeth in the mandible/maxilla.
- Sutures: Immovable joints found between skull bones, with bones interlocked by short fibers.
- Syndesmoses: Joints connected exclusively by ligaments.
- Bursae: Flattened fibrous sacs that reduce friction in synovial joints.
Movement Terminology
- Flexion: Decreases the angle between bones.
- Extension: Increases the angle, reverse of flexion.
- Abduction: Movement of a limb away from the body midline.
- Adduction: Movement of a limb toward the body midline.
- Circumduction: A conical movement, like a pitcher's windup.
- Supination: Rotating the forearm so palms face upward.
Stability and Joint Support
- Muscle tone contributes to joint stability and supports the ligaments around joints.
- Synovial fluid lubricates joints, reduces friction, and aids in shock absorption.
- The depth of a socket in ball-and-socket joints significantly affects joint stability.
Specific Joint Types
- Hinge Joint: Example is the elbow, allowing flexion and extension.
- Pivot Joint: Example is the radioulnar joint, allowing rotation.
- Condylar Joint: Found in knuckle joints, permitting movement but not rotation.
- Saddle Joint: Found at the base of the thumb, allows for opposition.
Pathologies and Concerns
- Gout: Characterized by the presence of uric acid crystals in joints.
- Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease, often seen in aging populations.
- Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa, often resulting from repetitive motion.
Assessment of Movement
- Nonaxial movements: Slipping movements without rotation.
- Uniaxial movements: Occur around one axis, like elbow flexion.
- Biaxial movements: Occur around two axes, like in the metacarpophalangeal joint.
- Multiaxial movements: Occur across multiple axes, like the shoulder joint.
Ligaments and Joint Support
- Cruciate ligaments: Prevent forward and backward sliding of the tibia and femur.
- Popliteal ligaments: Reinforce the back aspect of the knee.
- Good stability in joints comes from proper muscle tone, well-fit articular surfaces, and ligaments.
Notable Points
- "Water on the knee" is caused by bursitis of the prepatellar bursa.
- Synovial joints do not have blood vessels in the cavity to avoid damage to delicate structures.
- Tendon sheaths and bursae assist but do not provide joint stability directly.
Special Movements
- Opposition: Unique movement at the thumb, not found in other joints.
- Shrugging shoulders involves elevation and depression movements.
- Injurious forces on the knee, like lateral forces on an extended knee, can be particularly damaging.
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Description
Test your knowledge of fibrous joints with this matching quiz based on Chapter 8 of Anatomy. Each question focuses on the definitions and classifications of various types of joints. Prepare to enhance your understanding of joint types and their characteristics.
