Anatomy Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which are nerve plexuses of the body? (Select all that apply)

Brachial (correct)

Cervical (correct)

Sacral (correct)

Lumbar (correct)

Functions of the spinal cord include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Respiration

Reflexes (correct)

Conduction (correct)

Locomotion (correct)

What structure marks the superior end of the spinal cord?

Foramen magnum

What is a region of the spinal cord supplied by a pair of spinal nerves called?

A segment Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord?

The longitudinal groove on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

The superior most region of the spinal cord is the ______ region.

cervical Signup and view all the answers

Which are functions of the spinal cord? (Select all that apply)

Reflexes Signup and view all the answers

Where does the spinal cord arise from the medulla oblongata?

At the foramen magnum Signup and view all the answers

How are the spinal cord regions named?

For the level of vertebral column from which its spinal nerves emerge Signup and view all the answers

Each pair of spinal nerves serves a part of the spinal cord called a spinal ______.

segment Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ median sulcus is a longitudinal groove on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord.

Posterior Signup and view all the answers

What are the regions of the spinal cord? (Select all that apply)

Cervical Signup and view all the answers

The ______ enlargement is the area of spinal cord that gives rise to the nerves of the lower limbs and pelvis.

lumbosacral Signup and view all the answers

The spinal cord contains ascending and descending nerve fibers that send information between the CNS and the periphery. This illustrates which function of the spinal cord?

Conduction Signup and view all the answers

Place the spinal cord regions in order from superior to inferior: 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. .

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the tapered end of the spinal cord.

medullary cone Signup and view all the answers

Each spinal cord segment gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves. How many pairs of spinal nerves are typically present in an adult?

31 Signup and view all the answers

What is the cauda equina?

A bundle of nerve roots occupying the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 Signup and view all the answers

The __________ enlargement of the spinal cord gives rise to the nerves of the upper limbs.

cervical Signup and view all the answers

The ______ are a series of fibrous connective tissue membranes covering the central nervous system.

meninges Signup and view all the answers

The dural sheath around the spinal cord is formed from the _________ mater.

dura Signup and view all the answers

The _________ space is located between the vertebrae and the dural sheath around the spinal cord.

Epidural Signup and view all the answers

Which meninx consists of simple squamous epithelium with a mesh of fibers in the adjoining space?

Arachnoid mater Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of the meninges from superficial to deep?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater Signup and view all the answers

What is the subarachnoid space?

The space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater Signup and view all the answers

What is the dural sheath around the spinal cord made of?

Dura mater Signup and view all the answers

In which does cerebrospinal fluid circulate?

Subarachnoid space Signup and view all the answers

The bundle of nerves inferior to the medullary cone of the spinal cord is called the ______.

cauda equina Signup and view all the answers

The lumbar cistern is the name of the hollow space that contains the _________ equina and cerebrospinal fluid.

cauda Signup and view all the answers

Where is the epidural space around the spinal cord?

Between the vertebral bones and the dural sheath Signup and view all the answers

Which meninx is just below (deep to) the dura mater?

Arachnoid mater Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges is the most delicate and is composed of one or two layers of squamous to cuboidal cells and delicate collagenous and elastic fibers?

Pia mater Signup and view all the answers

The space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is called the ___________ space.

subarachnoid Signup and view all the answers

The cerebrospinal fluid circulates in the __________ space between the meninges.

subarachnoid Signup and view all the answers

The subarachnoid space inferior to the medullary cone is called the ______.

lumbar cistern Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nerve Plexuses

Major nerve plexuses in the body include sacral, brachial, cervical, and lumbar regions.

Functions of the Spinal Cord

Main functions encompass conduction, locomotion, and reflexes.

Structure of the Spinal Cord

The superior end of the spinal cord is marked by the foramen magnum.
A segment refers to a region of the spinal cord served by a pair of spinal nerves.
The posterior median sulcus is a longitudinal groove located on the dorsal surface.

Spinal Cord Regions

The spinal cord is organized into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions, named based on the corresponding vertebral column segments.

Spinal Nerves

Each spinal cord segment is associated with a pair of spinal nerves, totaling 31 pairs in an adult.
The lumbosacral enlargement is responsible for nerves that supply the lower limbs and pelvis.

Spinal Cord Functions

The spinal cord features both ascending and descending nerve fibers that facilitate communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral areas.

Anatomical Terminology

The medullary cone indicates the tapered end of the spinal cord.
The cauda equina consists of a bundle of nerve roots from L2 to S5 within the vertebral canal.

Meninges Composition

Meninges are protective membranes covering the CNS, comprising three layers: dura mater (outer), arachnoid mater (middle), and pia mater (innermost).
The dural sheath encapsulating the spinal cord is formed from dura mater.
The epidural space is located between the vertebral bones and the dural sheath.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Circulation

CSF circulates in the subarachnoid space, which lies between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.
The lumbar cistern refers to the subarachnoid space that contains the cauda equina and cerebrospinal fluid.

Layer Specifics

The arachnoid mater consists of simple squamous epithelium supported by a mesh of fibers.
The pia mater is the most delicate layer, composed of one or two layers of squamous to cuboidal cells with fine collagenous and elastic fibers.

Subarachnoid Space

The subarachnoid space, located between the arachnoid and pia mater, is where CSF circulates and is essential for cushioning the spinal cord.

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Test your knowledge on the key concepts of Chapter 13 focusing on nerve plexuses and the functions of the spinal cord. These flashcards cover important structures and regions relevant to spinal anatomy. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning in human anatomy.