Anatomy Assignment 1 Study Notes

Assignment 1 Study Notes

• Question 1: The outer lining of connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis of a long bone, containing blood vessels supplying the bone, is the periosteum.

• Question 2: The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus are the hamstring muscles, located on the posterior thigh.

• Question 3: The scapula and humerus meet at the shoulder joint.

• Question 4: The maxilla is a cranial bone, containing the upper teeth, and articulates with the temporal bone at the TMJ.

• Question 5: The femur and tibia meet at the tibiofemoral joint.

• Question 6: The occipital bone is a cranial bone, containing the foramen magnum, and articulates with the frontal bone at the coronal suture.

• Question 7: Soft spots in a baby's skull are called fontanels.

• Question 8: The shoulder muscle like a shoulder pad is the deltoid muscle.

• Question 9: The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius are part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group. They extend the knee.

• Question 10: Acetylcholine release is triggered by a nerve impulse, and involves the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

• Question 11: The olecranon process is associated with the elbow joint.

• Question 12: Curare, affecting the neuromuscular junction, causes paralysis.

• Question 13: The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone.

• Question 14: Carpals are short bones, located in the wrist, that articulate with the radius and ulna.

• Question 15: The large anterior chest muscle is the pectoralis major.

• Question 16: The incorrect group is 'Bones of the lower extremities: femur, tibia, clavicle'. The clavicle is in the upper extremity.

• Question 17: The muscle that flattens the cheek and positions food is the buccinator muscle.

• Question 18: The occipital bone contains the foramen magnum and articulates with the frontal bone.

• Question 19: The mandible is the lower jaw, forming the TMJ, and articulates with the temporal bone.

• Question 20: The olecranon process is associated with the humeroulnar joint.

• Question 21: Muscle relaxation is caused by calcium being pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, preventing further actin-myosin interaction.

• Question 22: Intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and alter rib cage size during breathing.

• Question 23: Rectus, transversus, internal oblique, and external oblique are abdominal muscles.

• Question 24: The hallux and pollex (thumb) are both digits.

• Question 25: The ulna is not in the lower limbs.

• Question 26: Myosin is not a component of the thin filament.

• Question 27: The flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris flex the hand at the wrist.

• Question 28: Osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and osseous tissue relate to bone formation, resorption, and cells.

• Question 29: The joints listed (tibiofemoral, hip, glenohumeral, and humeroulnar) are all freely movable.

• Question 30: Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a relaxed skeletal muscle.

• Question 31: Contracting the trapezius muscle would achieve the "scarecrow" pose.

• Question 32: The humerus length is measured from the acromion to the olecranon process.

• Question 33: Fascicles are muscle fibres bound together by connective tissue.

• Question 34: The calcaneus is part of the foot.

• Question 35: The incorrect group is "spinal curvatures: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral” and “bones of the vertebral column: atlas, axis, coxal bone" .

• Question 36: The hamstring muscles extend the thigh at the hip joint.

• Question 37: The greater and lesser trochanters are on the femur.

• Question 38: The palatine process of the maxilla forms the anterior part of the hard palate.

• Question 39: The greater trochanter is a bony protuberance.

• Question 40: The biceps brachii muscle flexes the forearm.

• Question 41: The incorrect group is "Bones of the lower extremities: femur, tibia, fibula, and Bones of the vertebral column: atlas, axis, coxal bone.", as the coxal bone is part of the pelvic girdle.

• Question 42: The incorrect group is "Muscles involved in breathing: diaphragm, intercostals, hamstrings.” Hamstrings are in the lower extremities.

• Question 43: Ossification is the replacement of cartilage by bone.

• Question 44: The gastrocnemius and soleus are called the "toe dancer's muscles".

• Question 45: The humeroulnar, not the radiocarpal, describes the scapula and humerus meeting.

• Question 46: Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscle tissue.

• Question 47: Tendons attach muscles to bone.

• Question 48: The orbicularis oris muscle surrounds the mouth.

• Question 49: Recruitment increases the number of activated motor units, leading to increased muscle force.

• Question 50: A tendon attaches muscle to bone.