Anatomy Arthrology Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the study of joints called?

Arthrology

What are joints?

  • Flexible connections between bones
  • Solid connections without movement
  • Unions of muscle and bone
  • Junctions between bones (correct)

    • What does joint classification refer to?

    Structural classification based on connectivity and motility

    What type of joint is freely movable and contains a cavity filled with synovial fluid?

    <p>Synovial Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What joint type is characterized by cartilage connecting two bones?

    <p>Cartilaginous Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a freely movable joint.

    <p>Diarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are immovable joints held together?

    <p>By fibrous connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a slightly movable joint classified as?

    <p>Amphiarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biomechanical classification of joints?

    <p>Suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a simple joint have?

    <p>Two articulating surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a complex joint?

    <p>Two or more articulating surfaces with an articular disk or meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a compound joint.

    <p>A joint with three or more articulating surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fibrous joints connected by?

    <p>Fibrous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibrous joint is seen in skull bones?

    <p>Suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does syndesmosis refer to?

    <p>Interosseous ligament between two bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gomphosis?

    <p>Fibrous implantation of tooth into alveoli of the jaw bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint allows for slight movements due to being joined by fibrocartilage?

    <p>Symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synchondrosis?

    <p>Join diaphysis and epiphysis, allowing for bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all synovial joints have?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer layer of the joint capsule called?

    <p>Fibrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bursa?

    <p>A sac-like structure that reduces friction between tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a synovial sheath?

    <p>Similar to bursa but wrapped around a tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is synovial fluid?

    <p>A transparent fluid that lubricates joint surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects bone to bone?

    <p>Ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the ligaments of the stifle joint?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the cruciate ligament?

    <p>Anterior (ACL) and posterior (PCL) ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define intracapsular.

    <p>Within joint capsule; not within joint space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define extracapsular.

    <p>Outside of or as part of joint capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nociception refer to?

    <p>Pain receptors within all ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does proprioception maintain?

    <p>CNS informed about position of joints and tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a meniscus and its function?

    <p>Divides joint cavity, allows greater motion, alleviates concussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a labrum?

    <p>A fibrocartilaginous rim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of joint movement?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines translation in joint movement?

    <p>A uniform movement without rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does rotation refer to?

    <p>The act of rotating as if on an axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does swing refer to in joint movement?

    <p>A pendulum-like motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Concepts of Arthrology

    • Arthrology is the study of joints and their functions.
    • Joints are junctions between bones; some are movable while others are not.

    Joint Classification

    • Joints can be classified structurally based on how they are connected and their degree of mobility.
    • Three main types of joints:
      • Synovial Joints: Freely movable joints containing a synovial fluid-filled cavity (e.g., stifle and elbow).
      • Cartilaginous Joints: Connect bones via cartilage, allowing slight movement but providing stability (e.g., pubic symphysis).
      • Fibrous Joints: Held together by fibrous connective tissue, usually immovable (e.g., sutures in the skull).

    Types of Joints by Mobility

    • Diarthrosis: Freely movable joint, synonymous with synovial joint.
    • Synarthrosis: Immovable joint where bones are fused, often found in the skull.
    • Amphiarthrosis: Slightly movable joints, primarily cartilaginous in nature.

    Biomechanical Joint Classifications

    • Simple Joint: Consists of two articulating surfaces.
    • Complex Joint: Contains two or more surfaces with an articular disk or meniscus (e.g., knee).
    • Compound Joint: Involves three or more articulating surfaces.

    Specific Joint Types

    • Sutures: Fibrous joints located in skull bones.
    • Syndesmosis: Connects bones with interosseous ligaments, exemplified by the radius and ulna in carnivores.
    • Gomphosis: Non-true joints where teeth are implanted into jawbone.
    • Symphysis: Joints where bones connect via fibrocartilage.
    • Synchondrosis: Cartilaginous joints responsible for growth, uniting diaphysis and epiphysis in bones.

    Synovial Joint Characteristics

    • All synovial joints feature articular surfaces on bones, articular cartilage covering those surfaces, and fluid-filled joint cavities enclosed by joint capsules.
    • Joint Capsule: Comprises an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid.
    • Bursa: Sac-like structures that reduce friction between tissues, located between skin/bones, tendons/bones, and ligaments/bones.
    • Synovial Sheath: A bursa that fully wraps around tendons.

    Joint Components and Stability

    • Synovial Fluid: Transparent, lubricating substance similar to egg whites, crucial for joint mobility.
    • Ligaments: Connective tissue that links bones, providing stability.
    • Intracapsular Ligaments: Positioned within the joint capsule (e.g., cruciate ligaments of the stifle).
    • Extracapsular Ligaments: Located outside of the joint capsule (e.g., collateral ligaments of hinge joints).

    Sensory Functions in Ligaments

    • Nociception: Pain receptors found in all ligaments, alerting to injury or stress.
    • Proprioception: Stretch receptors in ligaments, ensuring the central nervous system receives feedback about joint positions and tension.

    Joint Features and Movements

    • Meniscus: Divides the joint cavity, composed of hyaline cartilage and fibrous tissue, providing shock absorption and enhancing motion (e.g., stifle joint).
    • Labrum: Fibrocartilaginous rim that deepens the joint socket.
    • Joint movements encompass various actions, including:
      • Translation: Movement changing position without rotation.
      • Rotation: Turning around an axis.
      • Swing: Movement through an arc.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on joint anatomy and classifications with these flashcards. Each card provides definitions and key concepts about arthrology and various types of joints. Enhance your understanding of how joints function and their structural classifications.

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