Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

A condition where the body's adrenal glands don't produce enough cortisol and aldosterone.

A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands, responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood.

A condition caused by excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal glands.

A hormone that increases cellular permeability to glucose, enabling cells to take in glucose for energy.

The breakdown of fats and proteins by body cells into the blood, triggered by the rise in stress hormones.

Stressors like prolonged illness, injury, or chronic disease can lead to an increase in serum glucose levels.

Excessive production of aldosterone, a hormone that regulates electrolytes and blood pressure, leading to low potassium levels, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness

The process of reducing inflammation by decreasing edema and inhibiting prostaglandins (pain causing molecules).

The first part of the small intestine, approximately 25 cm long, divided into four portions.

The middle section of the small intestine, longer than the duodenum, responsible for nutrient absorption.

The final segment of the small intestine, connecting to the large intestine, absorbs water and remaining nutrients.

A large organ responsible for various metabolic processes, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and glucose storage.

The liver's functional units, responsible for its metabolic activities.

A pear-shaped sac located on the underside of the liver, responsible for storing and concentrating bile.

A fluid produced by the liver that helps digest fats.

The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum.

The external nose is made up of bones and cartilage. The bones include the nasal, frontal, and maxillary bones. The cartilage includes the lateral septal and alar cartilage.

The nasal septum is a wall that divides the nasal cavity into two halves. It's made of bone and cartilage to ensure stable airflow.

The nasal cavity is formed by the roof, floor, and lateral walls. The roof is made of bones like the ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal bone. The floor is the hard palate. The lateral walls include the conchae.

The conchae, also known as turbinates, are bony projections in the nasal cavity. They have three levels - superior, middle, and inferior. They are important for increasing the surface area of the nasal cavity.

Meatus are grooves or passageways below the conchae that allow for the passage of air.

The main organ responsible for absorbing water, producing Vitamin K, storing undigested food, and forming fecal matter.

A hormone secreted by the intestinal mucosal cells in response to fatty chyme entering the small intestine. Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile.

A muscular valve that controls the flow of bile from the common bile duct into the duodenum.

An organ with both exocrine and endocrine functions, located behind the stomach and the peritoneum. It is responsible for producing digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.

The first part of the duodenum where the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct join.

The blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated.

The blood vessels that carry freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

These arteries branch off from the aorta and deliver oxygen-rich blood to the lung tissue itself.

The outer layer of the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity (chest wall).

The inner layer of the pleura that covers the surface of the lungs.

The fluid produced by the pleura that lubricates the surfaces and allows them to move smoothly during breathing.

Inflammation of the pleura, usually caused by infection or injury. This causes pain and difficulty breathing.

A broad, sheet-like fold of peritoneum that extends from the ovary to the sidewall of the pelvis, providing structural support and containing blood vessels.

The process of female gamete (egg or ovum) formation. It includes the production of primary egg cells (oogonia) through a series of divisions.

The monthly cycle of oogenesis that occurs from puberty to menopause. It involves the development of a mature egg ready for ovulation.

Stem cells present in the female's ovaries that undergo mitotic division before birth to produce primary oocytes.

The degeneration of primordial follicles in the ovaries, reducing the number of potential egg cells.

The outer layer of the ovary that surrounds the cortex, where oocyte growth and meiosis I occurs.

A combination of a primary oocyte and follicle cells, found in the outer ovarian cortex. These follicles are the earliest stage of egg development.

Granulosa cells that surround the follicle and work with thecal cells to synthesize estrogens.

A fluid-filled space that expands within the follicle, surrounded by granulosa cells. It plays a role in follicle maturation.

A group of granulosa cells that are closely associated with the secondary oocyte, assisting in its development.

The hollow, muscular tube that connects the ovary to the uterus. It is responsible for transporting the egg and providing a site for fertilization.

The funnel-shaped opening of the uterine tube near the ovary, with finger-like projections (fimbriae) that extend into the pelvic cavity to collect the egg.

The middle segment of the uterine tube, characterized by smooth muscle layers that become thicker as they approach the uterus.

The short, narrow segment of the uterine tube connecting the ampulla to the uterine wall. It acts as a bridge between the two.

The pear-shaped organ in the female reproductive system that provides a developing embryo and fetus with protection, nourishment, and waste removal.