Anatomy and Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

  • Protection and secretion (correct)
  • Movement and contraction
  • Support and structure
  • Transmission of impulses

    • Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

    True

    The three anatomical planes are the _______________, _______________, and _______________ planes.

    What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Protection and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three anatomical planes are the _______________, _______________, and _______________ planes.

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Protection and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three anatomical planes are the _______, _______, and _______ planes.

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>To maintain homeostasis and regulate endocrine function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is responsible for blood clotting?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells?

    <p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the contraction phase of the heart?

    <p>Systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an abnormally fast heart rate?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pulmonary circuit responsible for carrying blood from?

    <p>The heart to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an abnormally slow heart rate?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Regulation of vital functions like heart rate and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thalamus?

    <p>Relay station for sensory impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron carries impulses away from the central nervous system?

    <p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of astrocytes?

    <p>Support and maintenance of neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical position?

    <p>A position where the body is facing forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cerebellum?

    <p>Coordination of voluntary movements and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuroglia is responsible for producing myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is responsible for expanding the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of gas exchange between the air we breathe and the blood?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is NOT an accessory digestive organ?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of moving food through the digestive tract using muscle contractions?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes involves the breakdown of food into smaller molecules?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the intake of food into the digestive system?

    <p>Ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion?

    <p>Churning of food in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion?

    <p>Breakdown of proteins into amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Epithelial Tissue

    • The primary function of epithelial tissue is protection and secretion.

    Homeostasis

    • Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

    Anatomical Planes

    • The three anatomical planes are the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.

    Directional Terms

    • Anterior refers to toward the front of the body.
    • Posterior refers to toward the back of the body.
    • Medial refers to closer to the midline of the body.
    • Lateral refers to away from the midline of the body.

    Anatomical Position

    • The anatomical position is important in the study of anatomy.

    Nervous System

    • Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system (CNS).
    • Sensory (afferent) neurons carry impulses toward the central nervous system.
    • The dendrites of a neuron receive incoming signals, while the axon conducts impulses away from the cell body.

    Brain Structures

    • The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and balance.
    • The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis and regulates endocrine function.
    • The medulla oblongata regulates vital functions like heart rate and breathing.
    • The thalamus is a relay station for sensory impulses.

    Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

    • CSF flows through the central nervous system.

    Blood

    • Plasma, red blood cells, and platelets are components of blood.
    • Leukocytes are involved in immune response, not oxygen transport.
    • Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

    Blood Cells

    • Erythrocytes are responsible for oxygen transport.
    • Leukocytes are involved in immune response.
    • Platelets are involved in blood clotting.

    Cardiovascular System

    • The pulmonary circuit carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
    • The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta.
    • The mitral valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium.

    Heart Function

    • Systole is the contraction phase of the heart.
    • Diastole is the relaxation phase of the heart.
    • Tachycardia is an abnormally fast heart rate.
    • Bradycardia is an abnormally slow heart rate.

    Electrocardiogram (EKG)

    • An EKG is a record of the electrical activity of the heart.

    Respiratory System

    • The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in respiration.
    • External respiration refers to gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere.
    • Inspiration and expiration refer to the process of air moving into and out of the lungs.

    Respiratory Structures

    • Alveoli are the site of gas exchange.
    • The trachea is an air passageway to the lungs.
    • Bronchi are air passageways that branch from the trachea into the lungs.
    • The larynx is involved in voice production.

    Mechanics of Breathing

    • Breathing involves pressure and volume changes in the thoracic cavity.

    Digestive System

    • The liver is an accessory digestive organ.
    • Peristalsis involves the rhythmic contraction of muscles to move food along the digestive tract.
    • The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.

    Digestive Processes

    • Ingestion is the intake of food.
    • Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller molecules.
    • Absorption is the uptake of nutrients by body cells.
    • Defecation is the removal of indigestible substances from the body.

    Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

    • Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown of food, such as chewing.
    • Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller molecules using enzymes.

    Epithelial Tissue

    • The primary function of epithelial tissue is protection and secretion.

    Homeostasis

    • Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

    Anatomical Planes

    • The three anatomical planes are the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.

    Directional Terms

    • Anterior refers to toward the front of the body.
    • Posterior refers to toward the back of the body.
    • Medial refers to closer to the midline of the body.
    • Lateral refers to away from the midline of the body.

    Anatomical Position

    • The anatomical position is important in the study of anatomy.

    Nervous System

    • Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system (CNS).
    • Sensory (afferent) neurons carry impulses toward the central nervous system.
    • The dendrites of a neuron receive incoming signals, while the axon conducts impulses away from the cell body.

    Brain Structures

    • The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and balance.
    • The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis and regulates endocrine function.
    • The medulla oblongata regulates vital functions like heart rate and breathing.
    • The thalamus is a relay station for sensory impulses.

    Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

    • CSF flows through the central nervous system.

    Blood

    • Plasma, red blood cells, and platelets are components of blood.
    • Leukocytes are involved in immune response, not oxygen transport.
    • Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

    Blood Cells

    • Erythrocytes are responsible for oxygen transport.
    • Leukocytes are involved in immune response.
    • Platelets are involved in blood clotting.

    Cardiovascular System

    • The pulmonary circuit carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
    • The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta.
    • The mitral valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium.

    Heart Function

    • Systole is the contraction phase of the heart.
    • Diastole is the relaxation phase of the heart.
    • Tachycardia is an abnormally fast heart rate.
    • Bradycardia is an abnormally slow heart rate.

    Electrocardiogram (EKG)

    • An EKG is a record of the electrical activity of the heart.

    Respiratory System

    • The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in respiration.
    • External respiration refers to gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere.
    • Inspiration and expiration refer to the process of air moving into and out of the lungs.

    Respiratory Structures

    • Alveoli are the site of gas exchange.
    • The trachea is an air passageway to the lungs.
    • Bronchi are air passageways that branch from the trachea into the lungs.
    • The larynx is involved in voice production.

    Mechanics of Breathing

    • Breathing involves pressure and volume changes in the thoracic cavity.

    Digestive System

    • The liver is an accessory digestive organ.
    • Peristalsis involves the rhythmic contraction of muscles to move food along the digestive tract.
    • The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.

    Digestive Processes

    • Ingestion is the intake of food.
    • Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller molecules.
    • Absorption is the uptake of nutrients by body cells.
    • Defecation is the removal of indigestible substances from the body.

    Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

    • Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown of food, such as chewing.
    • Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller molecules using enzymes.

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    Description

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