Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

The skeletal system is comprised of bones, cartilage, and joints. It provides support and structure to the body, protects vital organs, allows for movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.

The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It provides central support and protects the brain, spinal cord, and internal organs.

The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs, pectoral girdle (shoulders), and pelvic girdle (hips). It allows for movement and interaction with the environment.

Bone is a living tissue composed of a matrix composed of collagen fibers, calcium salts, and other materials. There are two main types: compact bone, which is dense and solid, and spongy bone, which is lightweight and porous.

A long bone is longer than it is wide, and has a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses). Examples include femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, and ulna.

A short bone is roughly cube-shaped, with nearly equal dimensions. Examples include carpals in the wrist and tarsals in the ankle.

A flat bone is thin, flattened, and often curved. Examples include skull bones, ribs, and scapula.

Irregular bones have complex shapes that don't fit into other categories. Examples include vertebrae, facial bones, and some hip bones.

A joint is where two or more bones meet. They allow for movement, stability, and flexibility.

Fibrous joints are held together by dense connective tissue. They allow little to no movement. Examples include sutures in the skull and teeth in sockets.

The part of the nervous system that controls and coordinates all body activities.

The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.

The part of the nervous system that connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

The functional units of the nervous system responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

The process by which a neuron sends an electrical signal along its axon.

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs.

The type of neuron that carries sensory information from the body to the CNS.

The type of neuron that carries motor commands from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

A common anatomical reference point where the body stands erect with feet together, arms at the sides, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing away from the body.

Terms used to describe the relative positions of body parts. Examples include: superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal.

Regions of the body, such as the head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs.

Internal spaces within the body that house organs. Examples include the cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, and abdominopelvic cavity.

The most superficial layer of skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium. Provides protection, waterproofing, and pigmentation.

The study of the structure of the body.

The study of the function of the body.

The simplest structural and functional unit of life.

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

A structure made up of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

The state of a stable internal environment, maintained within narrow limits despite external changes.

A mechanism that reverses a change in the body, bringing it back to its normal range.

A mechanism that amplifies a change in the body, pushing it further away from its normal range.