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Anatomy and Physiology Overview
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Anatomy and Physiology Overview

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@AdaptableEpigram

Questions and Answers

What is the structure of the body called?

  • Physiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Anatomy (correct)
  • Homeostasis

    • What term describes the function of the organs?

  • Homeostasis
  • Physiology (correct)
  • Pathology
  • Anatomy

    • What is homeostasis?

    Stability of an internal environment despite all other variables

    What is a negative feedback mechanism?

    <p>Homeostatic control system that shuts down the original stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a positive feedback mechanism?

    <p>Homeostatic control mechanism that causes the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an initial change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is homeostatic imbalance?

    <p>A state of disequilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term superior mean?

    <p>Above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term inferior mean?

    <p>Below</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term ventral (anterior) mean?

    <p>Front, forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term dorsal (posterior) mean?

    <p>Back, backward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term medial mean?

    <p>Middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term lateral mean?

    <p>To the side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term proximal mean?

    <p>Closer to starting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term distal mean?

    <p>Farther from starting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term superficial (external) mean?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term deep (internal) mean?

    <p>Inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term cephalic mean?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term thoracic mean?

    <p>Chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term abdominal mean?

    <p>Abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term axillary mean?

    <p>Armpit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term brachial mean?

    <p>Thigh, upper leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term buccal mean?

    <p>Cheek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term carpal mean?

    <p>Wrist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term cervical mean?

    <p>Neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term digital mean?

    <p>Fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term femoral mean?

    <p>Arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term inguinal mean?

    <p>Groin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term lumbar mean?

    <p>Lower back, surrounding spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term orbital mean?

    <p>Eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term patellar mean?

    <p>Knee cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term pelvic mean?

    <p>Just above inguinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term tarsal mean?

    <p>Ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term sagittal mean?

    <p>Middle of middle front cut, three-fourth frontal cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term median mean?

    <p>Middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term midsagittal mean?

    <p>Middle frontal cut, divides the body into left and right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term frontal mean?

    <p>Cut through side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term transverse mean?

    <p>Across waist, dividing the body into superior and inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term cranial cavity mean?

    <p>Skull, houses brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term thoracic cavity mean?

    <p>Chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term abdomino-pelvic mean?

    <p>Abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term vertebral (spinal) mean?

    <p>Spine, houses vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term dorsal mean?

    <p>Houses central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term ventral mean?

    <p>Anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of structural organization?

    <p>Chemical, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical level of organization?

    <p>Atoms combine to form molecules, molecules form organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cellular level of organization?

    <p>Cells are the basic unit of life; they may vary in size and shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tissue?

    <p>A group of cells with a common function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organ level?

    <p>Structures composed of two different tissues working together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are organ systems?

    <p>Group of organs working together to complete functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term organism mean?

    <p>All organs working together to live</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an X-ray (radiograph)?

    <p>Image of internal structures like bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT)?

    <p>Refined version of an X-ray that rotates around the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is position emission tomography (PET)?

    <p>Observes metabolic functions, mostly used for brain activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sonography (ultrasound)?

    <p>Hears echoes from sound waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

    <p>Images of soft tissues using magnets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of life?

    <p>Maintain physical boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a homeostatic control mechanism?

    <p>Stimulus, receptor, input, output, and response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy and Physiology Overview

    • Anatomy refers to the body’s structure, while physiology examines organ functions.
    • Homeostasis maintains internal environmental stability amidst varying external conditions.

    Feedback Mechanisms

    • Negative Feedback Mechanism: A control system that counteracts an initial stimulus, promoting balance.
    • Positive Feedback Mechanism: Amplifies changes in the same direction as the initial stimulus, such as during childbirth.

    Homeostatic Imbalance

    • Occurs when the body is in a state of disequilibrium, which can lead to health issues.

    Anatomical Directional Terms

    • Superior: Indicates an upward position.
    • Inferior: Refers to a downward position.
    • Ventral (anterior): Relates to the front or forward side.
    • Dorsal (posterior): Refers to the back or rear side.
    • Medial: Denotes the middle section.
    • Lateral: Indicates a position to the side.
    • Proximal: Closer to the point of origin.
    • Distal: Farther from the point of origin.

    Body Regions

    • Cephalic: Relates to the head.
    • Thoracic: Pertains to the chest area.
    • Abdominal: Refers to the abdomen.
    • Axillary: Concerning the armpit.
    • Brachial: Relates to the upper arm.
    • Buccal: Concerning the cheeks.
    • Cervical: Related to the neck.
    • Inguinal: Pertains to the groin.
    • Lumbar: Refers to the lower back area.
    • Orbital: Pertains to the eyes.
    • Pelvic: Relates to the area above the inguinal region.
    • Patellar: Refers to the kneecap.
    • Tarsal: Concerns the ankle.

    Planes of the Body

    • Sagittal Plane: Cuts the body into left and right sections.
    • Frontal Plane: Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
    • Transverse Plane: Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

    Body Cavities

    • Cranial Cavity: Contains the brain.
    • Thoracic Cavity: Encloses the chest area.
    • Abdomino-pelvic Cavity: General area for both abdominal and pelvic organs.
    • Vertebral (spinal) Cavity: Houses the spinal column.
    • Dorsal Cavity: Contains the central nervous system.
    • Ventral Cavity: Anterior body section.

    Levels of Structural Organization

    • Starts from Chemical Level with atoms forming molecules, progressing through cells, tissues, and organs, ultimately leading to an Organism where all systems work together.

    Imaging Techniques

    • X-ray: Visualizes internal structures, especially bones.
    • CT Scan: Advanced X-ray technique for detailed images of specific body areas.
    • PET Scan: Monitors metabolic functions, particularly in the brain.
    • Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images of soft tissues.
    • MRI: Produces detailed images of soft tissues using magnetic fields.

    Characteristics of Life

    • Essential functions include maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth and development.

    Homeostatic Control Mechanism

    • Consists of sequential steps: stimulus → receptor → input → output → response, to maintain body equilibrium.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of anatomy and physiology, including body structures and organ functions. It explores feedback mechanisms like negative and positive feedback, as well as the importance of homeostasis in maintaining health. Key anatomical directional terms will also be assessed.

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