Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System Quiz

Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System

• The spinal cord is a cylinder of nervous tissue about three feet long, encased by a vertical bone, and extends down the back from the base of the skull.
• The central nervous system (CNS) includes the spinal cord, which has about 100 billion neurons and 30 trillion glia cells, and sits beneath the brain.
• The brain has subdivisions stacked according to the degree of integration they provide, including the brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmits information and consists of sensory receptors, nerves, and two-way traffic.
• The somatic division of the PNS is voluntary and receives signals from special and somatic receptors, conveying sensory signals to the brain and sending signals to skeletal muscles.
• The autonomic division of the PNS is involuntary and operates automatically and unconsciously, conveying signals from the CNS to effect changes in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
• All neural tissue within the body contains neurons, which are specialized for intercellular communication and supported by neuroglia cells.
• Neurons have structural classifications including multipolar, unipolar, and bipolar neurons, with receptive regions, a biosynthetic center, and impulse-generating and conducting regions.
• Functional classifications of neurons include sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons, each with different roles in the nervous system.
• There are three types of sensory receptors: exteroceptors for external and distance senses, proprioceptors for monitoring position and movement, and interoceptors for monitoring internal systems.
• Neuroglia cells, which support and protect neurons, make up half the volume of the nervous system and include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells in the CNS.
• The glial cells of the peripheral nervous system include satellite cells, which surround ganglia and regulate the environment around neurons, and Schwann cells, which form myelin sheath around peripheral axons.

Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System

• The spinal cord is a cylinder of nervous tissue about three feet long, encased by a vertical bone, and extends down the back from the base of the skull.
• The central nervous system (CNS) includes the spinal cord, which has about 100 billion neurons and 30 trillion glia cells, and sits beneath the brain.
• The brain has subdivisions stacked according to the degree of integration they provide, including the brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmits information and consists of sensory receptors, nerves, and two-way traffic.
• The somatic division of the PNS is voluntary and receives signals from special and somatic receptors, conveying sensory signals to the brain and sending signals to skeletal muscles.
• The autonomic division of the PNS is involuntary and operates automatically and unconsciously, conveying signals from the CNS to effect changes in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
• All neural tissue within the body contains neurons, which are specialized for intercellular communication and supported by neuroglia cells.
• Neurons have structural classifications including multipolar, unipolar, and bipolar neurons, with receptive regions, a biosynthetic center, and impulse-generating and conducting regions.
• Functional classifications of neurons include sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons, each with different roles in the nervous system.
• There are three types of sensory receptors: exteroceptors for external and distance senses, proprioceptors for monitoring position and movement, and interoceptors for monitoring internal systems.
• Neuroglia cells, which support and protect neurons, make up half the volume of the nervous system and include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells in the CNS.
• The glial cells of the peripheral nervous system include satellite cells, which surround ganglia and regulate the environment around neurons, and Schwann cells, which form myelin sheath around peripheral axons.