Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a plexus of the vagus (X) nerve?
Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?
What differentiates an autonomic reflex from a somatic reflex?
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?
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Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
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Which target organ receives dual innervation?
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Once a preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, one of three things can happen to the axon. Which of the following is NOT one of these three things?
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Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve ________.
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The parasympathetic tone ________.
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Where would you NOT find a cholinergic nicotinic receptor?
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The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.
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Which receptor pairing below is correct?
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Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division?
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Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
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Which of the following is mismatched?
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Which of the following is NOT true about hypertension?
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Which of the following is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
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The 'fight or flight' division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.
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Raynaud's disease ________.
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Autonomic ganglia contain ________.
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The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following EXCEPT ________.
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Parasympathetic functions include ________.
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Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
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Study Notes
Vagus Nerve and Plexuses
- The vagus (X) nerve has several plexuses, including pulmonary and esophageal; however, it does NOT include the inferior hypogastric plexus.
Splanchnic Nerves
- Sympathetic fibers forming a splanchnic nerve pass through and synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia.
Autonomic vs. Somatic Reflexes
- An autonomic reflex is characterized by a two-neuron motor pathway, differentiating it from somatic reflexes.
Sympathetic Nerve Exit Points
- Sympathetic nerves can exit the spinal cord at the first thoracic vertebra.
Sympathetic Responses
- Widespread sympathetic responses occur because norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine are released into the bloodstream.
Dual Innervation
- The small intestine is a target organ that receives dual innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Preganglionic Axon Pathways
- Upon reaching a trunk ganglion, a preganglionic axon may synapse in the same ganglion, pass through without synapsing, or ascend/descend within the sympathetic trunk.
Cranial Nerve Contributions
- Over 90% of parasympathetic fibers derive from cranial nerve X (vagus).
Normal Activities of the Urinary Tract
- Parasympathetic tone is responsible for maintaining normal activities of the urinary tract.
Cholinergic Nicotinic Receptors
- Cholinergic nicotinic receptors are not found in parasympathetic target organs but are present in all postganglionic neurons and skeletal muscle membranes.
Adrenal Medulla Secretions
- Secretions from the adrenal medulla enhance sympathetic stimulation.
Integration of Autonomic Reflexes
- Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic arcs by engaging two motor neurons.
Cooperation of Nervous Systems
- An example of parasympathetic and sympathetic cooperation involves vasodilation for erection by the parasympathetic system followed by ejaculation through sympathetic stimulation.
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Ganglia
- Sympathetic ganglia are near the CNS; parasympathetic ganglia are located close to the organs they serve.
Hypertension Misconceptions
- Hypertension is not a disorder of the parasympathetic division; it relates to excessive sympathetic activity.
Autonomic Nervous System Integration
- The hypothalamus is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system.
Division Functions
- The sympathetic division is often referred to as the "fight or flight" division.
Raynaud's Disease
- Raynaud's disease features exaggerated vasoconstriction in extremities and is associated with severe stress responses.
Autonomic Ganglia Composition
- Autonomic ganglia contain the cell bodies of motor neurons.
Comparison of Nervous Systems
- The somatic and autonomic systems differ in target organ response, pathways, and effectors; however, their activity is regulated similarly by higher brain centers.
Lens Accommodation and Parasympathetic Functions
- Parasympathetic functions include lens accommodation for close vision and calming of heart rate, contributing to rest and digest processes.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this quiz covering Chapter 14 of Anatomy and Physiology. The questions focus on the vagus nerve and sympathetic fibers, providing a deeper insight into the nervous system. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of key concepts.
