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Questions and Answers
Anatomy is the study of body __________.
Anatomy is the study of body __________.
structure
Physiology investigates the __________ and functions of the body.
Physiology investigates the __________ and functions of the body.
process
The __________ system regulates temperature and provides protection.
The __________ system regulates temperature and provides protection.
integumentary
The __________ system provides support and allows body movements.
The __________ system provides support and allows body movements.
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The __________ system produces body movements and maintains posture.
The __________ system produces body movements and maintains posture.
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The __________ system detects sensations and controls various functions.
The __________ system detects sensations and controls various functions.
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The __________ system influences metabolism and reproduction.
The __________ system influences metabolism and reproduction.
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The __________ system transports nutrients and waste products.
The __________ system transports nutrients and waste products.
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Body temperature changes due to a common cause such as ______
Body temperature changes due to a common cause such as ______
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The anatomical position describes a person standing ______ with face and palms forward.
The anatomical position describes a person standing ______ with face and palms forward.
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In directional terms, ______ refers to the area above.
In directional terms, ______ refers to the area above.
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______ feedback is the mechanism used for homeostatic regulation.
______ feedback is the mechanism used for homeostatic regulation.
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When the initial stimulus further stimulates the response, this is an example of ______ feedback.
When the initial stimulus further stimulates the response, this is an example of ______ feedback.
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In anatomical terminology, ______ means close to the midline.
In anatomical terminology, ______ means close to the midline.
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The term ______ refers to structures that are close to the surface.
The term ______ refers to structures that are close to the surface.
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In four-legged animals, the terms ventral and dorsal correspond to ______ and posterior in humans.
In four-legged animals, the terms ventral and dorsal correspond to ______ and posterior in humans.
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The thoracic cavity contains the heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, and ______.
The thoracic cavity contains the heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, and ______.
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The space between the lungs is known as the ______.
The space between the lungs is known as the ______.
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The abdominal cavity is located between the diaphragm and the ______.
The abdominal cavity is located between the diaphragm and the ______.
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The visceral pleura ______ the lungs.
The visceral pleura ______ the lungs.
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The parietal peritoneum lines the inner wall of the ______ cavity.
The parietal peritoneum lines the inner wall of the ______ cavity.
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The pleural cavity reduces ______ and adheres the lungs to the thoracic wall.
The pleural cavity reduces ______ and adheres the lungs to the thoracic wall.
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Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant environment despite fluctuations in the external or internal ______
Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant environment despite fluctuations in the external or internal ______
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Development biology involves the complete development of an egg to ______
Development biology involves the complete development of an egg to ______
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Histology studies the organization and details of biological ______
Histology studies the organization and details of biological ______
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The smallest level of structural organization is the ______, which includes atoms and molecules.
The smallest level of structural organization is the ______, which includes atoms and molecules.
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Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous are four broad types of ______.
Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous are four broad types of ______.
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Organs are made up of two or more ______ types acting together.
Organs are made up of two or more ______ types acting together.
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Cytology focuses on cellular structure and ______.
Cytology focuses on cellular structure and ______.
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The normal extent of increase or decrease around a set point is known as the ______ range.
The normal extent of increase or decrease around a set point is known as the ______ range.
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A ______ is a set point outside of the normal range.
A ______ is a set point outside of the normal range.
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The ______ detects changes in the variable.
The ______ detects changes in the variable.
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The ______ establishes the set point.
The ______ establishes the set point.
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The ______ causes a direct change in the variable.
The ______ causes a direct change in the variable.
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The ______ plane separates the body into right and left parts.
The ______ plane separates the body into right and left parts.
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The ______ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
The ______ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
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The ______ feedback is generally associated with injury or disease.
The ______ feedback is generally associated with injury or disease.
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The ______ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
The ______ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
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Study Notes
The Human Organism
- Organism defined as all organ systems working together.
- Anatomy studies body structure; physiology studies processes and functions.
- Levels of structural organization: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
Homeostasis
- Concept of maintaining a constant internal environment despite external changes.
- Variables are measurements of body properties; fluctuation occurs within a normal range.
- Set point refers to the average normal value over time; temporary adjustments are possible.
Anatomical Terminology
- Anatomical position: person standing erect, face forward, palms up.
- Directional terms:
- Superior: above; Inferior: below
- Anterior: front (ventral); Posterior: back (dorsal)
- Medial: close to midline; Lateral: away from midline
- Proximal: close to point of attachment; Distal: farther from point of attachment
- Superficial: close to surface
Feedback Mechanisms
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Negative Feedback: Maintains homeostasis by reversing deviation from the set point.
- Components include receptor, control center, and effector.
- Positive Feedback: Enhances initial stimulus; typically associated with processes like childbirth.
Body Planes
- Sagittal Plane: Divides body into right and left parts.
- Median Plane: Sagittal plane along the midline; divides body into equal halves.
- Transverse Plane: Divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts.
- Frontal Plane: Divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
Body Systems Overview
- Integumentary: Protects body and regulates temperature.
- Skeletal: Provides support and allows movement.
- Muscular: Produces movement and maintains posture.
- Nervous: Controls sensations and movement.
- Endocrine: Regulates metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
- Cardiovascular: Transports nutrients, gases, and hormones.
Body Cavities
- Thoracic Cavity: Contains heart, lungs, and major vessels.
- Mediastinum: Area between lungs housing the heart.
- Abdominal Cavity: Contains digestive and other organs.
- Pelvis: Houses reproductive and urinary organs.
Pleural and Peritoneal Structures
-
Pleura:
- Visceral pleura covers lungs; parietal pleura lines thoracic wall.
- Pleural cavity reduces friction and keeps lungs adhered to the chest wall.
-
Peritoneum:
- Visceral peritoneum anchors abdominal organs; parietal peritoneum lines compartment.
- Peritoneal cavity reduces friction for abdominal organs.
Tissue Types
- Four broad types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous.
- Tissues consist of groups of similar cells working together in a specific function.
Feedback Components
- Receptor: Detects changes in variables.
- Control Center: Establishes set point and signals the effector.
- Effector: Carries out changes to restore the variable to its set point.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of anatomy and physiology in this quiz focusing on the human organism. It covers levels of structural organization, homeostasis, and key terminology in anatomy. Test your understanding of the organ systems and their functions within the body.
