Anatomy and Circulation of the Heart

<p>To lubricate the heart and reduce friction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right ventricle -&gt; Pulmonary trunk -&gt; Pulmonary arteries -&gt; Lungs -&gt; Pulmonary veins -&gt; Left atrium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ductus arteriosus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To anchor the heart within the mediastinum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Friction and pain due to rubbing of the pericardium layers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All four heart valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closure of the semilunar valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases significantly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood flowing from the atria to the ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marks the closure of the semilunar valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The a wave occurs during atrial relaxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.03 - 0.06 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preload (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in ventricular filling leads to an increase in the force of contraction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Venous return and stretching of cardiac muscle cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the heart to adjust its pumping ability to accommodate varying venous return. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the fibers are stretched to about two-thirds of their resting length. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By ensuring both ventricles are filled with the same amount of blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People with heart disease usually have a very low or no cardiac reserve. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afterload, contractility and heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactive hyperemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote vasodilation and inhibit platelet aggregation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To induce intense vasodilation and increase capillary permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To constrict blood vessels and play a role in bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Releasing nitric oxide (NO) to dilate coronary arteries and increase blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Are responsible for transporting blood away from the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anastomosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metarteriole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adjusting the diameter of the arterioles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anastomoses provide an alternate route for blood flow to a tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diameter of the blood vessel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac tamponade, potentially leading to heart stoppage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate the rapid spread of electrical impulses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing fluid accumulation in the heart cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The location of the heart between the sternum and vertebral column (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

The pointed end of the heart directed anteriorly and to the left.

The broad part of the heart opposite the apex, directed posteriorly and to the right.

A 3-layered sac surrounding the heart to reduce friction.

Fluid-filled space between the visceral and parietal pericardium.

Fetal connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta that closes after birth.

Inflammation of the pericardium causing pain from friction.

The relaxation period of the heart cycle lasting about 0.4 seconds.

A period when none of the chambers contract, all valves are closed, and ventricular volume remains unchanged.

The sound marking the closure of the semilunar valves after blood ejection.

The process of blood rushing from atria to ventricles after the AV valves open.

The first third of diastole where most ventricular filling occurs due to high pressure in atria.

The last third of diastole where atria contract to contribute to ventricular filling.

Pressure in aorta rises as blood is ejected and falls again during late systole.

Three main waves during the cardiac cycle: a wave, c wave, and v wave representing different actions.

A condition where fluid compresses the heart, risking heart function.

A life-saving method involving chest compressions to circulate blood when the heart stops.

The thick muscle layer of the heart responsible for pumping blood.

Four sections of the heart: 2 atria and 2 ventricles, each serving specific functions.

The capacity of the heart to increase output beyond resting levels.

The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole.

The principle that greater ventricular filling leads to stronger contractions.

The total volume of blood in the ventricles just before contraction.

The flow of blood back to the heart from the veins.

Both the right and left ventricles pump equal volumes of blood.

The ability of the heart muscle to contract and generate force.

The resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood.

Transient redness on skin after pressure removal due to increased blood flow.

Nitric Oxide (NO) produced by endothelium for vasodilation and blood flow control.

A gas that causes relaxation of smooth muscle and inhibits platelet aggregation.

A kinin that causes intense vasodilation and increases capillary permeability, involved in inflammation.

A powerful vasodilator released from mast cells during inflammation, causing blood vessel expansion.

A neurotransmitter released from platelets that primarily causes vasoconstriction.

The process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing ones.

The widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow, often induced by NO.

The connection of two or more blood vessels providing alternate routes for blood.

Alternative route for blood flow due to anastomosis.

Small arteries that regulate blood flow between arteries and capillaries.

Arterioles are called resistance vessels due to their role in blood flow regulation.

Microscopic vessels that facilitate nutrient and waste exchange between blood and tissues.

Blood flow through the capillaries connecting arterioles and venules.

A vessel that supplies capillaries constituting a capillary bed.