Anatomie de l'oreille

The part of the ear responsible for collecting and directing sound waves to the middle ear. It comprises the pinna and the external auditory canal.

A fibro-cartilaginous flap that collects and transmits sound to the external auditory canal.

Located at the lateral side of the head, positioned behind the temporomandibular joint, in front of the mastoid process, and below the temporal region.

Oval-shaped with a broad upper end and a vertically slanted axis that is angled downward and forward.

Average size varies based on gender, approximately 6 cm vertically in women and 6.5 cm in men. Horizontal axis is approximately 3-3.5 cm.

The pinna has a lateral and medial surface, and a circumference. It features various projections and depressions.

A depression located in the pinna; the external auditory canal opens within this conchae.

The tube leading from the pinna to the eardrum.

A prominent arch-shaped projection of the ear, separated from the helix by the scaphoid groove.

The inner surface of the ear, with two parts: one adhering to the skull (next to the ear canal) and the other free, mirroring the outer ear's features.

The perimeter of the ear, primarily composed of the helix, and augmented by the tragus in the front and lobe at the bottom.

Thin, flexible cartilage that forms most of the ear's structure, but excludes the lobe.

Ligaments connecting the ear to surrounding bones and tissues, one set located in the front, the other at the back.

A bone and cartilage tube leading from the outer ear to the eardrum. It channels sound waves into the middle ear.

Numerous ligaments connecting various ear parts, maintaining the cartilage's folds.

A slightly flattened cylinder, not straight, with a general forward and inward slant. It's also slightly winding in an 'S' shape.

The external ear (CAE) is made of fibrous and cartilaginous outer layer (8mm) and bony inner layer (16mm), forming a 25mm long structure. It's covered by an extension of the ear's skin.

The EAC connects forward to the jaw joint and upper parotid gland, backward to the mastoid process and facial canal, superiorly to temporal region (cartilage) and middle cranial base (bone), medially to eardrum, laterally to external ear opening (external meatus), and inferiorly to parotid gland.

The middle ear is a three-part air-filled cavity between outer and inner ear, transmitting sound vibrations from eardrum to inner ear.

The middle ear consists of the tympanic cavity, Eustachian tube, and mastoid cavities.

The tympanic cavity (eardrum area) is roughly lens-shaped, with an average length of 15mm; a height decreasing from 15mm at rear to 7mm at front; and a depth varying from 3mm in the center to 6mm at the edges.

The tympanic cavity houses tiny ear bones, their associated ligaments and joints, muscles and mucous membrane lining.

The malleus, the outermost ear bone, is the longest and has a head (articulates with incus), neck and handle (part of the eardrum).

The middle ear is important physiologically for hearing and balance, and pathologically because ear problems can impact both hearing and daily life.

Middle ear bone behind the malleus, with a body and two branches that connect to the malleus and stapes.

Middle ear bone extending to the inner ear; has a head connecting with the incus, a base (footplate) and two branches.

Joint between the incus and the malleus; fuses early in life.

Joint connecting the incus to the stapes in the middle ear.

Connects the base of the stapes to the inner ear.

Muscle that tenses the eardrum, reducing vibrations and protecting inner ear.

Muscle that dampens the vibrations on the stapes.

Tube connecting the middle ear to the throat; equalizes pressure, and drains fluids.

A coiled tube in the inner ear, containing the organ of Corti, which transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses.

A structure within the cochlea containing hair cells that convert sound vibrations into electrical signals.

Fluid inside the membranous labyrinth. crucial for inner ear function.

Fluid surrounding the membranous labyrinth, separates the inner ear structures from the bony structures.

A canal in the temporal bone that houses the nerves and blood vessels of the inner ear.

Air-filled cavities within the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.

A system of interconnected fluid-filled structures within the temporal bone, crucial for balance and hearing.

The bony framework of the inner ear containing the labyrinthine membrane.

The inner membranes within the bony labyrinth, filled with endolymph.

An oval-shaped cavity in the inner ear, connecting the cochlea and semicircular canals.

Spiral-shaped part of the inner ear important for hearing.

Three fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that contribute to balance.

The membrane-lined sac within the vestibule of the inner ear; Houses utricle and saccule.