Anatomical Terms Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which position describes the body lying on its back?

Supine position

Prone position (correct)

Erect position

Lithotomy position

What defines the median (sagittal) plane in anatomical terms?

Divides the body into upper and lower parts

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Divides the body into equal right and left halves (correct)

Divides the body into unequal parts

In which anatomical position are the palms facing forwards?

Prone position

Erect anatomical position (correct)

Lateral decubitus position

Supine position

Which position involves lying on one’s side?

Lateral decubitus position Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'anterior' refer to in anatomical terminology?

In front of the body Signup and view all the answers

The horizontal plane divides the body into which two parts?

Upper and lower parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the coronal (frontal) plane?

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts Signup and view all the answers

Which positional term best describes the body's alignment when standing erect with arms at the sides?

Erect anatomical position Signup and view all the answers

What are the plates of compact bone in the skull known as?

Outer and inner tables Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pneumatic bones?

Decreasing skull weight Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are classified as irregular bones?

Vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest sesamoid bone found in the body?

Patella Signup and view all the answers

What do sutural bones represent in the skull?

Small bones embedded in sutures Signup and view all the answers

What stops the proliferation of cells in the epiphyseal plate?

Bone maturation Signup and view all the answers

What substance forms the structural composition of irregular bones?

Both compact and spongy bone Signup and view all the answers

What effect do pneumatic bones have on voice?

Resonance Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the superficial fascia?

Storage of energy and thermal insulation Signup and view all the answers

Where is fat most abundant in the body according to the description of superficial fascia?

Gluteal region Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the superficial fascia?

Serve as a protective layer for muscles Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the deep fascia compared to the superficial fascia?

It is inelastic and composed of compact collagen fibers Signup and view all the answers

How does deep fascia contribute to muscle structure in the limbs?

Surrounds muscles and keeps underlying structures in position Signup and view all the answers

In which parts of the body is deep fascia notably absent?

Face and anterior abdominal wall Signup and view all the answers

What role does the superficial fascia play in body contouring?

Giving size and contour to body parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the fibers in deep fascia?

Compact and regular collagen fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a condyle?

A convex elevated articular surface Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an elongated depression on a bone?

Groove or sulcus Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a tuberosity?

A medium-sized localized rounded elevation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to a curved bony process that resembles a horn?

Cornu Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term 'epicondyle'?

A local elevation above a condyle Signup and view all the answers

Which of these terms describes a narrow gap or passage in a bone?

Hiatus Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a 'fossa' in bone terminology?

A depression on a surface Signup and view all the answers

How would you define a 'meatus' in the context of bone structure?

A bony canal with one closed end Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteoblasts in the growth of long bones?

They increase bone width by adding bone to the external surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the ossification of the epiphyseal plate?

Fusion of the diaphysis and epiphysis is under hormonal control. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nutrient artery supply?

Inner 2/3 of the cortex and bone marrow. Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply the epiphysis of a long bone?

Epiphyseal arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the mnemonic 'TOWARDS THE ELBOW I FLOW, AWAY FROM THE KNEE I FLEE'?

It denotes the direction of nutrient artery entry into a bone. Signup and view all the answers

How does the periosteal artery contribute to bone supply?

It supplies the outer ⅓ of the cortex of the shaft. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the metaphyseal arteries after the ossification of the epiphyseal cartilage?

They anastomose with the nutrient artery and epiphyseal arteries. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the timeline of ossification between genders?

The epiphyseal fusion in females occurs two years earlier than in males. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomical Positions

Erect anatomical position: Body standing upright, eyes and face forward, upper limbs at sides, palms facing forward, thumbs directed laterally, and lower limbs close together.
Supine position: Body lies flat on its back.
Prone position: Body lies flat on its face.
Lateral decubitus position: Body lies on either side (right or left).
Lithotomy position: Body lies on back with hips and knees flexed and hips abducted.

Anatomical Planes

Median (Sagittal) plane: Vertical plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves.
Paramedian plane: Vertical plane parallel to the median plane, creating unequal right and left parts.
Coronal (Frontal) plane: Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
Horizontal plane: Transverse plane running horizontally, dividing the body into upper and lower parts.

Terms of Position

Anterior (Ventral): Refers to being in front or closer to the front of the body.

Fascia Types and Functions

Superficial Fascia: Loose connective tissue layer beneath the skin, connecting skin to underlying structures. Contains fat, especially in certain body regions, and provides insulation, nerve and vessel conduction, and skin mobility.
Deep Fascia: Dense collagen fiber membrane that is inelastic and supports muscles and structures, providing stability and attachment sites.

Types of Bones

Pneumatic Bones: Contain air cavities (paranasal sinuses), located mainly in skull bones like maxillary and frontal bones, aiding in voice resonance and reducing skull weight.
Irregular Bones: Bones without a consistent shape, e.g., vertebrae; structurally similar to short bones.
Sesamoid Bones: Small bones embedded in tendons (e.g., patella), diminishing friction.
Sutural Bones: Small bones located in skull sutures.

Bone Growth

Long bones grow in length through epiphyseal cartilages; fusion between epiphysis and diaphysis occurs via hormonal regulation.
Growth in width occurs when osteoblasts add new bone on the external surface and osteoclasts resorb bone internally.

Arterial Supply of Bones

Nutrient artery: Enters mid-shaft, supplying cortex and marrow; branches to upper and lower metaphyses.
Epiphyseal arteries: Supply epiphyses and anastomose with metaphyseal arteries post-ossification.
Metaphyseal arteries: Feed the metaphysis.
Periosteal arteries: Supply outer third of the bone cortex.

External Features of Bones

Bony Elevations:
- Head: Rounded end of a bone.
- Neck: Constricted section following the head.
- Process: Elongated projection.
- Spine: Pointed elongated projection.
- Tubercle, Tuberosity, Trochanter: Localized elevations of varying sizes.
- Condyle: Elevated articular surface.
Bony Depressions:
- Fossa: General depression on a bone's surface.
- Notch: Semicircular depression with two edges.
- Groove/Sulcus: Elongated depression.
- Foramen: Hole through a bone; Meatus has one closed end.
- Impression: Slight indentation on a surface.

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Description

Test your knowledge on anatomical terms and positions. This quiz will focus on the standard erect anatomical position of the human body. Learn about the importance of these terms in understanding human anatomy.