Questions and Answers
What is the term for the area of the body referred to as the chin?
Which anatomical term refers to the area of the body commonly known as the back?
What anatomical term describes the anterior surface of the elbow?
Which term is associated with the portion of the skull surrounding the brain?
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What does the term 'palmar' refer to in anatomical terms?
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What characterizes the initial response to tissue damage during inflammation?
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What process is responsible for the increased blood flow during inflammation?
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Which type of tissue replacement restores normal function after damage?
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What defines fibrosis in the context of tissue repair?
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Which of the following examples demonstrates high regenerative capacity?
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Study Notes
Anatomical Terms
- Axial: Refers to the central part of the body, including the head and trunk.
- Cephalic: Pertains to the head region.
- Cranial: Describes the portion of the skull that encloses the brain.
- Facial: Relates to the face.
- Orbital: Pertains to the eye area.
- Cervical: Refers to the neck region.
- Thoracic: Indicates the chest area.
- Abdominal: The anterior body trunk situated below the ribs.
- Pelvic: Pertains to the pelvis area.
- Dorsal: Refers to the back of the body.
- Appendicular: Refers to the extremities or limbs.
- Pedal: Relates to the foot.
Inflammation and Repair
- Inflammation Characteristics: Initial response to tissue damage includes redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
- Vasodilation: Increases blood flow to the affected area, resulting in redness and heat.
- Increased Vascular Permeability: Allows fluid and immune cells to exit blood vessels, leading to swelling and pain.
- Phagocytosis: Immune cells, like macrophages, engulf and eliminate pathogens and debris.
- Regeneration: Replacement of damaged tissue with the same cell type; high regenerative capacity in tissues like skin and liver.
- Fibrosis: Involves the replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue, which may not restore original function, seen in severe wounds.
Body Planes
- Mid-sagittal Plane: Divides the body into equal right and left halves.
- Parasagittal Plane: Does not divide equally, creating unequal left and right halves.
- Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane): Divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
- Transverse Plane (Horizontal Plane): Divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
- Oblique Plane: Passes through the body at an angle between the transverse and either sagittal or frontal planes.
Body Cavities
- Cranial Cavity: Formed by cranial bones, contains the brain.
- Vertebral Canal: Formed by the vertebral column, contains the spinal cord and spinal nerves.
- Thoracic Cavity: Chest cavity encases lungs and heart.
- Pleural Cavity: Surrounds the lungs.
- Pericardial Cavity: Surrounds the heart.
- Mediastinum: Central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs.
- Abdominopelvic Cavity: Extends from the diaphragm to the groin; contains abdominal and pelvic organs.
Cell Physiology
- Cell Theory: All living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
- Basic Cell Structure: Comprises plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
- Cell Functions: Include metabolism, energy production, synthesis of molecules, communication, and reproduction.
- Cell Membrane: Composed of a phospholipid bilayer, functions as a selective barrier regulating entry/exit of substances.
Cell Transport
- Passive Transport: Movement across the membrane without energy use; includes diffusion and osmosis.
- Active Transport: Requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
- Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support within cells; includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Cell Cycle
- Interphase: Growth and preparation phase; includes G1, S (DNA replication), and G2 phases.
- Mitosis: Division of the cell nucleus through stages: prophase (chromatin condenses), metaphase (chromosomes align), anaphase (sister chromatids separate), telophase (nuclear membranes form).
- Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm resulting in two daughter cells.
Notes on Mitosis
- Mitosis occurs continuously in skin cells to maintain protection.
- Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases regulate the cell cycle, preventing uncontrolled growth that can lead to cancer.
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Description
Test your knowledge of anatomical terminology with this quiz. Explore the various anatomical terms used to describe different parts of the body, from the cephalic region to the axial framework. Perfect for students in anatomy or related fields.
