Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?
What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?
Which bones are classified as part of the Appendicular skeleton?
Which bones are classified as part of the Appendicular skeleton?
How many cervical vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?
How many cervical vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?
Which of the following is the only movable bone in the human skull?
Which of the following is the only movable bone in the human skull?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of bones make up the tarsus in the foot?
What type of bones make up the tarsus in the foot?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the anatomical position characterized by?
What is the anatomical position characterized by?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term refers to parts that are nearer to the front of the body?
Which term refers to parts that are nearer to the front of the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts?
What is the term for a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts?
Signup and view all the answers
In anatomical terminology, what does 'proximal' mean?
In anatomical terminology, what does 'proximal' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes the skeleton?
Which of the following correctly describes the skeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Anatomical Terms - Cartilage - Bone
-
Learning Objectives (ILOs):
- Identify anatomical terms.
- Describe anatomical position.
- Describe the type and location of cartilage.
- Classify the skeleton.
- List functions of bones.
Anatomical Position
- Standing erect.
- Eyes looking forward.
- Arms straight by the sides.
- Palms facing forward.
- Thumbs directed laterally.
Body Positions
- Supine: Lying on the back.
- Prone: Lying face down.
- Lateral Decubitus: Lying on the side (right or left).
Directional Terms
- Anterior: Towards the front of the body (ventral).
- Posterior: Towards the back of the body (dorsal).
- Superior: Towards the head or upper part of the body.
- Inferior: Towards the feet or lower part of the body.
- Medial: Towards the midline of the body.
- Lateral: Away from the midline of the body.
- Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment or origin.
- Distal: Further from the point of attachment or origin.
- Superficial: Towards the surface of the body.
- Deep: Away from the surface of the body.
- Palmar: Relating to the palm of the hand.
- Plantar: Relating to the sole of the foot.
Body Planes
- Sagittal Plane (Median Plane): Divides the body into left and right halves.
- Paramedian Plane: Parallel to the median plane, dividing body into left and right.
- Coronal Plane: Divides the body into front and back portions.
- Transverse Plane (Horizontal Plane): Divides the body into upper and lower portions.
The Skeleton
- Composed of 206 bones.
Classification of the Skeleton
- Axial Skeleton: Bones along the body's midline (skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column, hyoid bone).
- Appendicular Skeleton: Bones of the limbs and their girdles (shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs).
Axial Skeleton Components
- Skull and Mandible: Cranium and face bones (21 immovable bones joined at sutures). Mandible is the lower jaw - the only movable bone in the skull.
- Ribs: 12 pairs.
- Sternum: Breastbone.
- Vertebral Column: Composed of 33 vertebrae - (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 2-4 coccygeal).
- Hyoid Bone: Located in the neck.
Appendicular Skeleton Components
- Shoulder Girdle: Composed of the scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone).
-
Free Upper Limb:
- Humerus: Upper arm bone.
- Radius and Ulna: Forearm bones.
- Carpal Bones: Wrist bones.
- Metacarpal Bones: Hand bones.
- Phalanges: Finger bones.
- Pelvic Girdle: Hip bones.
-
Free Lower Limb:
- Femur: Thigh bone.
- Tibia: Shin bone.
- Fibula: Lateral lower leg bone.
- Tarsus: Ankle bones.
- Metatarsus: Foot bones.
- Phalanges: Toe bones.
Bone Formation (Ossification)
- Intramembranous Ossification: Direct development from mesenchymal tissue (e.g., clavicle, skull, mandible).
- Endochondral Ossification: Cartilage model is first formed, then replaced by bone tissue (e.g., long bones, vertebrae, ribs).
Bone Shapes
- Long Bones: (e.g., femur, humerus, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges).
- Short Bones: (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
- Flat Bones: (e.g., bones of the skull, scapula, sternum).
- Irregular Bones: (e.g., vertebrae, hip bones).
- Pneumatic Bones: (e.g., some skull bones).
- Sesamoid Bones: (e.g., patella).
Structure of Long Bones
- Epiphysis: Ends of the bone, covered by hyaline cartilage.
- Diaphysis: Shaft of the bone, composed of compact bone containing bone marrow. Covered by periosteum.
- Metaphysis: Junction between epiphysis and diaphysis, contains epiphyseal plate (cartilage).
Growth of Long Bones
- Length: Epiphyseal plate of cartilage.
- Diameter: Periosteum.
Bone Functions
- Provide shape and support.
- Form joints.
- Attachment for muscles and ligaments.
- Support weight.
- Form blood cells.
- Store calcium and phosphorus.
- Protect internal organs (skull, ribs and thoracic cage).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on anatomical terms, including the classification of the skeleton and the types and locations of cartilage. This quiz also covers basic body positions and directional terms. Perfect for students of anatomy or anyone wanting to enhance their understanding of human anatomy.
