Questions and Answers
What is the anatomical position?
Standing straight up with legs close together, feet parallel, arms down at sides with palms facing forward, head up and gazing straight forward.
Which plane separates the body into right and left halves?
Frontal planes are horizontal and divide the body into upper and lower parts.
False
What do we call sections that cut along the longitudinal axis of a structure?
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The term ______ means towards the head.
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What is the difference between medial and lateral?
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Which of the following terms refers to a movement of a limb towards the midline?
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The movement of the thumb touching another finger is called opposition.
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What does proximal mean in anatomical terms?
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What is eversion?
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Elevation refers to movement of a body part ______.
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Match the following anatomical terms with their meanings:
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Study Notes
Anatomical Position
- Standing straight, legs close together, feet parallel, toes forward.
- Arms at sides, palms facing forward, head up, gazing straight ahead.
Anatomical Planes
- Median Plane: Vertical, divides body into right and left halves.
- Sagittal Planes: Vertical, variable placement, divides body into unequal left and right parts.
- Frontal (Coronal) Planes: Vertical, perpendicular to sagittal planes, separates front from back.
- Transverse (Horizontal) Planes: Horizontal, divides body into upper and lower parts.
Body Sections
- Longitudinal Sections: Cut along the longitudinal axis.
- Transverse Sections (Cross Sections): Perpendicular to longitudinal axis, show relative internal structures.
- Oblique Sections: Diagonal cuts, not aligned to any defined plane.
Anatomical Direction Terms
- Superior: Towards the head (e.g., chest is superior to the hip).
- Inferior: Towards the feet (e.g., hip is inferior to the chest).
- Cranial/Caudal: Cranial = towards the head, Caudal = towards the tail/feet.
Anterior and Posterior
- Anterior/Ventral: In front (e.g., nose is anterior to the forehead).
- Posterior/Dorsal: Behind (e.g., back is posterior to the chest).
Medial and Lateral
- Medial: Closer to the midline (e.g., eyes are medial to ears).
- Lateral: Farther from the midline (e.g., ears are lateral to eyes).
Internal and External
- Internal: Closer to the center of an organ (e.g., heart is internal).
- External: Further from the center (e.g., ribs are external).
Superficial and Deep
- Superficial: Closer to the surface (e.g., skin is superficial to muscles).
- Deep: Below the surface (e.g., muscles are deep to the skin).
- Intermediate: Between superficial and deep structures.
Proximal and Distal
- Proximal: Closer to the trunk (e.g., thigh is proximal to foot).
- Distal: Farther from the trunk (e.g., foot is distal to thigh).
Terms of Laterality
- Unilateral: Found on one side (e.g., spleen).
- Bilateral: Paired structures on both sides (e.g., lungs).
- Ipsilateral: Same side (e.g., left arm and left leg).
- Contralateral: Opposite sides (e.g., left and right hands).
Movements Definitions
- Flexion: Decreases angle between body parts; bending (e.g., knee flexion).
- Extension: Increases angle between body parts; straightening.
Specialty Movements
- Dorsiflexion: Flexion of the foot upwards.
- Plantarflexion: Flexion of the foot downwards.
Abduction and Adduction
- Abduction: Movement away from the midline (e.g., arms spreading sideways).
- Adduction: Movement towards the midline.
Circumduction and Rotation
- Circumduction: Circular motion, proximal end fixed.
- Rotation: Moving around an axis (e.g., shaking head).
Pronation and Supination
- Pronation: Palm facing down; radius rotates medially.
- Supination: Palm facing up; radius rotates laterally.
Body Positions
- Supine Position: Lying on back, face up.
- Prone Position: Lying on abdomen, face down.
Foot Movements
- Eversion: Sole of foot moves laterally.
- Inversion: Sole of foot moves medially.
Opposable Thumbs
- Opposition: Thumb touches fingers; crucial for gripping.
- Reposition: Thumb returns to anatomical position.
Protrusion and Retrusion
- Protrusion: Anterior movement (e.g., tongue sticking out).
- Retrusion: Posterior movement (e.g., tongue retracting).
Scapular Movements
- Protraction: Shoulder blades move forward.
- Retraction: Shoulder blades move backward.
Elevation and Depression
- Elevation: Superior movement (e.g., shrugging shoulders).
- Depression: Inferior movement (e.g., lowering shoulders).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomical position and terminology. This quiz covers essential concepts related to body positioning and how they are used in medical descriptions. Perfect for students in anatomy or healthcare fields.
