Anatomical Terminology - Directional Terms

Describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist.

Describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. For example, the ankle is distal to the knee.

Describes a position closer to the surface of the body. For example, the skin is superficial to the bones.

Describes a position farther from the surface of the body. For example, the brain is deep to the skull.

Situated on or affecting both sides of the body.

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body.

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body.

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body.

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body; near or toward the tail.

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body.

The standard body position used to describe anatomical terms. This position involves standing upright with feet shoulder-width apart, toes forward, upper limbs at sides with palms facing forward.

Using standardized terms to describe the location of body parts reduces confusion and makes communication more precise.