Anatomical Structures: Lower Limb and Circulatory System

Anatomical Structures: Lower Limb

• Tibialis Anterior: Muscle in the lower leg, involved in foot movement.
• Gastrocnemius: Muscle in the calf, crucial for plantar flexion.
• Peroneus Longus: Muscle contributing to foot eversion and plantarflexion.
• Peroneus Brevis: Muscle involved in foot eversion and plantarflexion.
• Soleus: Muscle of the lower leg, responsible for plantar flexion.
• Extensor Digitorum Longus: Muscle that extends toes and dorsiflexes the foot.
• Extensor Hallucis Longus: Extends the big toe and dorsiflexes the foot.
• Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Flexes the smaller toes.
• Abductor Hallucis: Abducts the big toe.
• Abductor Digiti Minimi: Abducts the little toe.

Anatomical Structures: Circulatory System

• Pericardium: The sac surrounding the heart.
• Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
• Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
• Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Anatomical Structures: Upper Limb

• Origin (muscle): The part of a muscle where it attaches to bone.
• Belly (muscle): The fleshy part between origin and insertion.
• Insertion (muscle): Where the muscle attaches to another stable bone.
• Humerus: Bone of the upper arm.
• Radius: A bone of the forearm.
• Ulna: A bone of the forearm.
• Carpals: Small bones forming the wrist.
• Metacarpals: Bones in the hand, located between wrist and fingers
• Phalanges: Bones forming the fingers.
• Patella: Knee cap.
• Tibia: Shin bone.
• Fibula: Smaller bone in the lower leg.
• Talus: Ankle bone

Anatomical Structures: Head and Neck

• Frontalis: Raising eyebrows.
• Orbicularis Oculi: Muscle around the eye for closing.
• Orbicularis Oris: Muscle around the mouth.
• Mentalis: Raises the lower lip
• **Zygomaticus:**Raises the corners of the mouth
• Caninus: Draws corners of mouth upward and backward.
• Buccinator: Compresses the cheek
• Corrugator Supercilii: Draws eyebrows together
• Levator Palpebrae Superioris: Raises the upper eyelid

Anatomical Structures: Ear

• Auricularis Anterior (muscle): Draws the ear forward
• Auricularis Superior(muscle): Draws the ear upward
• Auricularis Posterior (muscle): Draws the ear back

Anatomical Structures: Nervous System

• Nerve Cell (Neuron): The basic unit of the nervous system.
  • Axon: Transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body.
  • Dendrites: Receive signals from other neurons.
• Ulnar: Nerve that supplies part of the forearm and hand.
• Radial: Nerve that supplies part of the arm and forearm.
• Median: Nerve supplying the palm, and some fingers.
• Digital: Nerves of the fingers
• Sciatic: Main nerve of the buttock and leg
• Anterior tibial: Nerve that supplies front of the lower leg and foot
• Posterior tibial: Nerve that supplies posterior part of the foot
• Common peroneal: Nerve that supplies lateral side of the leg and foot
• Deep peroneal: Nerve that supplies muscles and skin on anterior of foot
• Superficial peroneal: Nerve that supplies muscles and skin on lateral side of foot
• Saphenous: nerve that supplies skin on medial side of leg
• Sural: nerve that supplies posterior and lateral side of foot and leg
• Popliteal: Main artery in the back of the knee
• Dorsalis pedis: Artery in the foot
• Femoral: Artery that branches from the aorta and supplies the thigh region.

Anatomical Structures: Skull

• Mandible: Jaw bone.
• Maxilla: Upper jaw bone.
• Nasal: Bones forming the bridge of the nose.
• Zygomatic: Cheek bone.
• Lacrimal: Small bone next to the eye socket.
• Frontal: Forehead bone.
• Parietal: Bones forming the sides and top of the skull.
• Occipital: Back of the skull.
• Temporal: Bones on the sides of the skull.

Anatomical Structures: Spinal Column

• Vertebrae: Bones of the spinal column.

Anatomical Structures: Thorax

• Ribs: Bones that form the rib cage protecting the thoracic cavity and lungs.
• Sternum: Breastbone, also part of thorax structure.

Anatomical Structures: Musculature

• Pectoralis Major: Large chest muscle.
• Pectoralis Minor: Smaller, underlying chest muscle.
• Serratus Anterior: Muscle in the side of the chest, responsible for winging the scapula.
• Deltoid: Shoulder muscle
• Biceps: Muscle in the front of the upper arm.
• Triceps: Muscle in the back of the upper arm.
• Supinator: Muscle that supports the forearm.
• Pronator: Muscle that pronates the forearm.
• Flexor: Muscle involved in bending
• Extensor: Muscle involved in straightening the body part.
• Abductor: Muscle responsible for moving a part away from the body.
• Adductor: Muscle responsible for moving a part towards the body.
• Opponens: Muscle responsible for flexing

Anatomical Structures: Cell Biology

• Nucleus: Control center of the cell.
• Cytoplasm: Substance filling the cell.
• Cell Membrane: Outer boundary of the cell.

Other Anatomical Structures

• Femur (bone): Thigh bone.
• Tarsals (bones): Forming the ankle structure.
• Metatarsals (bones): Between the tarsus and phalanges
• Phalanges (bones): Part of the digits of the hands and feet