Biomechanics Chapter 1-3

Which anatomical plane divides the body into front and back halves?

The term 'superior' refers to a position closer to the feet.

What type of joint movement decreases the angle between articulating bones?

Movement in the transverse plane occurs around a ______ axis.

Match the following joint movement terms with their definitions.

Which of the following best describes the movement of a figure skater spinning on the ice?

In curvilinear motion, points on an object move through the same distance.

What type of motion combines both translation and rotation?

A ______ coordinate system is typically used to standardize measurements in kinematic analysis.

Match each coordinate axis direction within a 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

What does kinematic analysis primarily focus on?

Kinematic analysis includes determining the ultimate cause of movement via force.

What must be defined before determining the nature of a movement?

In rigid link modeling, the human body is modeled as a hinged series of ______ bodies.

Match the terms related to the human body with respect to rigid link modeling.

Which activity is primarily planar?

Postures are absolute terms.

Name the three anatomical reference axes?

During kinematic analysis, teachers of physical activities, clinicians, and coaches routinely perform analyses to ______, correct, or improve human movements by reviewing the kinematics of the movement.

Match each of the tools used for measuring kinematic quantities.

What is the first step in performing kinematic analysis?

Horizontal movements occur in the saggital plane.

What does the term distal reference toward?

The opposite motion of flexion.

Match the following steps with the proper way to describe movement about each plane.

Which example of models are forearms and hands a single link?

6 Segment Symmetric - trunk and head are a single link.

What does the Y-axis refer to?

Analysts can distinguish the cause of a ______ from symptoms of the problem or an unrelated movement idiosyncrasy.

Match the following.

The transverse plane has the following motion:

In the Cartesian Coordinate system the movements can only be analyzed using a two-dimensional coordinate system (x,y).

What are the trade offs of viewing distance?

Movements primarily in a single plane, can be analyzed using a ______ coordinate system (x, y).

Match the description with the word

A baseball hit is an example of what?

Anteroposterior can not be an anatomical reference axis.

During Performing a Kinematic Analysis, the viewing can be at what angle?

______ can be qualitative or quantitative.

Match the tool with the meaning.

If the limbs are independent, the movement is?

Kinematic Analysis useful when the performance outcome is as a result of changed movement pattern.

Which of the following is an example of a scalar quantity?

Vectors are fully described by their magnitude but not their direction.

What term describes the tendency of a body to resist a change in its state of motion?

The units for measuring mass are typically _______.

What is the correct formula to calculate weight ($F_g$)?

The direction of weight force always acts horizontally.

What is the typical unit of measurement for force?

The point about which a body's weight is equally balanced, no matter how it is positioned, is known as its _________.

Which of the following is an example of an internal force?

Torque is defined as the linear effect of a force.

What is the formula for calculating Torque (T)?

The perpendicular distance from the line of action of a force to the axis of rotation is known as the _______.

What are the units for measuring torque?

Free body diagrams show all forces external to the defined system and can assist in biomechanical analysis.

What is the measure of the area under a force vs. time curve called?

Impulse is measured in _______.

Which tool is used to estimate of muscle activation in human movement?

Force plates are typically used to measure bone on bone reaction forces.

Match the following biomechanical terms with their definitions:

A free body diagram is used to:

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between distance and displacement?

Velocity is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the change in time.

What distinguishes velocity from speed?

The rate of change in linear velocity is known as ______.

If an object has a constant velocity, what is its acceleration?

Explain why a runner on a circular track might have a constant speed, but not a constant velocity.

A positive acceleration always means an object is speeding up.

Which of the following is the correct unit for acceleration?

Differentiate between average velocity and instantaneous velocity.

How is instantaneous velocity determined from a displacement vs. time curve?

If a displacement vs. time graph shows a straight, horizontal line, the velocity is constant and non-zero.

When using graphical approximation, a steeper slope on a displacement vs. time graph indicates a ______ magnitude of velocity.

In graphical approximation, what does a downward slope on a displacement vs. time graph signify?

Match the term with the description:

When kinematic data of human motion is 'sampled,' how is it typically collected?

The 'simple finite difference' method for estimating instantaneous velocity uses data over two sample intervals.

The 'first central finite difference' method better estimates the instantaneous velocity because it finds the instantaneous slope over ______ sample interval(s).

Why does the 'first central finite difference' method provide a better estimation of instantaneous velocity than the 'simple finite difference' method?

Explain how linear kinematics is useful in analyzing human movement.

Which of the following is considered a vector quantity in linear kinematics?