Anatomia del Nervo Oculomotor e Cranial
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Questions and Answers

Qual function los musculos constrictor pupillae e ciliari?

  • Elevar le palpebra superior
  • Adjustar le foco e le diametro del pupilla (correct)
  • Diriger le globo ocular verso basso e exteriormente
  • Controlar le movimento lateral del oculo

    • Qual symptoma non es typicamente associate con paralyse del nervo oculomotor (III)?

  • Ophthalmoplegia (paralyse del musculos ocular)
  • Dificultate de mirar verso alto (correct)
  • Diplopia (vision duple)
  • Ptosis (cadita del palpebra)

    • Qual es le consequentia principal de un lesion al nervo trochlear (IV)?

  • Difficultate in mirar verso basso e exteriormente (correct)
  • Vision duple quando se mira verso alto
  • Difficultate in mover le oculo lateralmente
  • Incapacitate de adjustar le pupilla al lumine

    • Qual characteristic anatomic es unic al nervo trochlear (IV) inter le nervos cranial?

    <p>Illo es le sol nervo cranial que sale del cerebro dorsalmente e contralateralmente (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quante al function del musculo oblique superior, qual movimento ocular resulta de su contraction?

    <p>Depression e rotation externe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervio cranial es exclusivemente un nervio motor?

    <p>Nervio abducente (VI) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual function specific es mediate per le fibras afferente somatic general (GSA)?

    <p>Information de musculos, pelle, ligamentos e juncturas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual combination de nervios cranial es responsabile pro le innervation del gusto?

    <p>Facial (VII), glossofaringeo (IX), vago (X) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervio cranial non ha un function motor?

    <p>Vestibulocochlear (VIII) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nucleo motor es responsabile pro innervar le major parte del musculos del lingua?

    <p>Nucleo del nervio hypoglossal (XII) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual gruppo functional include le nervios que activa le musculos del facie, palato, bucca, pharynge e larynge (excludente le musculos del oculo e del lingua)?

    <p>Efferente Visceral Special (SVE) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervio cranial es responsabile pro le innervation parasympathetic del glandulas salivari superior e inferior?

    <p>Nervio facial (VII) e glossofaringeo (IX) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervio cranial servi como le principal mediator del information sensorial de organos visceral?

    <p>Nervio vago (X) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual functiones include le nervo spinal accessori (sXI)?

    <p>Motor al musculos sternocleidomastoidee e trapezie. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervos cranial es exclusivemente nervos de senso special?

    <p>I, II, VIII (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervo cranial es le nervo vage e que functiones es associate con illo?

    <p>Nervo X: sensori al aure, pharynge, larynge, e visceras; motor al pharynge, larynge, lingua, e musculos lisie del visceras. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le nucleo solitari es dividite in regiones rostral e caudal. Quales nervos cranial recipe information gustatori ab le parte rostral?

    <p>VII, IX, X (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual function es primarimente associate con le nervo trigemino (V)?

    <p>Mastication, tacto, e dolore del facie e bucca. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervos cranial controla le musculos del oculo?

    <p>III, IV, VI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A que functiones servi le nervo facial?

    <p>Le expressiones facial, le gusto, le secretion de lacrimas e saliva. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervio cranial es responsabile pro le sensation al lingua, pharynge e palato molle, e etiam le motor al musculos del pharynge e stylopharyngee?

    <p>Glossopharyngee (IX) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual function particular ha le nucleo suprachiasmatic del hypothalamus in relation al nervo optic?

    <p>Il influentiate rhythmos circadian basate super input visual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le consequentia de un lesion al nervo optic?

    <p>Perdita del campo visual. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual structura anatomic traversa le nervo optic dum illo cursa ab le retina al chiasma optic?

    <p>Le canal optic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que occurre al fibras nerval al chiasma optic?

    <p>Approximativemente medietate del fibras crucia, e le altere medietate non crucia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual area del cerebro recipe le majoritate del fibras del tracto optic pro processar information visual?

    <p>Nucleo geniculate lateral del thalamo. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervo cranial innerva le musculo oblique inferior del oculo?

    <p>Nervo oculomotor (III). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le origine del fibras parasympathetic que innerva le musculos sphincter pupillae e ciliar?

    <p>Nucleo Edinger-Westphal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A transverso de qual apertura ossee le nervo oculomotor passa ante entrar al orbita?

    <p>Fissura orbital superior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le relation anatomic inter le nervo oculomotor e le arterias cerebral posterior e cerebellari superior in su cursa?

    <p>Illo passa inter le arterias cerebral posterior e cerebellari superior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual ganglion contine le corpores cellular postganglionic del fibras parasympathetic que innerva le musculo ciliar?

    <p>Ganglion ciliar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le consequentia directe de un lesion al nervo abducente (VI) que resulta in un paralyse?

    <p>Le oculo sinistre es deviate medialmente. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le rolo del neurones internuclear situate in le nucleo abducente?

    <p>Projectar al neurones motor inferior del musculo recto medial via le fasciculo longitudinal medial (MLF). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le signification clinic de un nervo abducente vulnerabile al disruption?

    <p>Illo pote ducer a strabismo medial e vision duple. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le componentes de fibras que origina ab le nucleo motor del nervo trigemino?

    <p>Fibras SVE que suppli le musculos masticatori. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitate lo processo central del neurones in le nucleo mesencephalic del nervo trigemino al nucleo motor de CNV provide pro controlo reflex del morde?

    <p>Illo provide retroaction sensorial. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual function exequi le fibras GSA del nervo trigemino?

    <p>Transmission de sensation facial al nucleos sensorial del nervo trigemino. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ubi se situa le nucleo mesencephalic del nervo trigemino, e que typo de informationes sensorial illo reciper?

    <p>In le mesencephalo, reciper signos de fusos muscular de mastication e mechanoreceptores in le gingivas, dentes e palato dur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual del sequente descriptiones representa le curso del nervo abducente (VI) post su emergentia del junction pontomedullari?

    <p>Illo curre rostralmente e lateralmente in le spatio subarachnoide del fossa cranial posterior, faciente un angulo acute super le apice del portion petrose ante entrar le sinus cavernose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le rolo del nervo trigemino (V) como un nervo special visceral efferente?

    <p>Innervar le musculos de mastication usate pro rumination e deglutition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le consequentia de un lesion unilateral al nervo trigemino (V) in relation al fortia del morde?

    <p>Habe un effecto leve super le fortia del morde. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual branca del nervo trigemino (V) passa trans le fissura orbital superior?

    <p>Le nervo ophthalmic (V1). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual division del nervo trigemino contine brancas motor?

    <p>Mandibular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le sensation de qual parte del lingua es mediate per un branca del nervo trigemino?

    <p>Anterior 2/3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual del sequente non es un musculo innervate per le branca special visceral efferente del nervo trigemino (V)?

    <p>Buccinator. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trans qual foramen abandona le nervo maxillar (V2) le cranio?

    <p>Foramen rotundum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In le examination clinic del function motor del nervo trigemino, que indica un deviation del maxilla verso le latere del lesion?

    <p>Paralyse o paresis del musculos ipsilateral de mastication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual nervo ramos del nervo mandibular e provide sensation al dente anterior 2/3 del lingua?

    <p>Nervo lingual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le significato clinic de un reflexo absente o exaggerante del maxilla durante le examination del nervo trigemino?

    <p>Illo suggeste un lesion al tracto corticobulbar o al nervo trigemino mesme. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Nervio VII

    Nervio facial que controla la mayoría de las expresiones faciales y secreciones.

    Nervio VIII

    Nervio vestibulococlear responsable de la audición y el equilibrio.

    Nucleo solitario

    Conjunto de núcleos que procesan información sensorial de varios nervios.

    Nervio IX

    Nervio glosofaríngeo que proporciona sensación a la lengua y faringe.

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    Nervio X

    Nervio vago que afecta funciones viscerales y sensibilidad en el oído.

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    Nervio XI

    Nervio accesorio espinal que controla los músculos esternocleidomastoideo y trapecio.

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    Nervio V

    Nervio trigémino que proporciona sensación a la cara y controla la masticación.

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    Nucleo mesencefálico

    Parte del sistema nervioso en el mesencéfalo relacionada con la propriocepción.

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    Nervio Olfatorio

    Nervio cranial I responsabile per l'olfatto.

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    Nervio Ottico

    Nervio cranial II responsabile per la visione.

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    Nervi Misti

    Nervi che contengono sia fibre motorie che sensoriali.

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    Nervio Trigeminale

    Nervio cranial V, un nervio misto responsabile della sensibilità del viso e della masticazione.

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    Nervio Vago

    Nervio cranial X responsabile della regolazione delle funzioni viscerali.

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    Nervi Sensori

    Nervi contenenti solo fibre afferenti (sensibili).

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    Nervio Faciale

    Nervio cranial VII, un nervio misto che controlla i muscoli della faccia.

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    Nervio Oculomotorio

    Nervio cranial III che controlla i movimenti oculari.

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    Abducens Nerve (VI)

    A cranial nerve responsible for lateral eye movement by innervating the lateral rectus muscle.

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    Lateral Gaze Coordination

    The process of coordinating eye movements to look laterally, involving abducens and internuclear neurons.

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    Medial Rectus Muscle

    Eye muscle that moves the eye medially; unopposed when abducens nerve is injured.

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    Course of CN VI

    Path of the abducens nerve from the brainstem to the eye, passing through various structures.

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    Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

    Cranial nerve responsible for facial sensation and motor functions like chewing.

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    Sensory Nuclei of Trigeminal Nerve

    Three sensory nuclei in the pons processing different types of facial sensation.

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    Mesencephalic Nucleus

    Unique first-order sensory neurons that process proprioception from masticatory muscles and oral structure.

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    Trigeminal Ganglion

    Cluster of nerve cells where GSA fibers transmit facial sensation, located at the petrous temporal bone.

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    Nervus optic

    Nervus cranial II qui porta impulso per vista ab retine al cortex visual.

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    Chiasma optic

    Locus dove parte del nervus optic se incrocia, permitente visione de opposto lato.

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    Corpo geniculato laterale

    Struttura nel thalamus dove le fibre del nervus optic si sinapsono.

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    Funzione del nervus optic

    Transporta impulso afferente per vista, permettente percezione visuale.

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    Nervus oculomotor

    Nervus cranial III, responsabile per movimenti oculari e regole de pupilla.

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    Ganglio ciliare

    Struttura che contiene corpi cellulare per innervazione parasimpatica del occhio.

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    Movimenti oculari

    Muovimenti del occhio controllati dal nervus oculomotor e dai suoi rami.

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    Nuclei del nervus oculomotor

    Gruppi de neuroni nel midbrain che controllano il nervus oculomotor.

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    Corso del nervus optic

    Percorso del nervus optic dalla retina al cortex visual tramite canal optic.

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    Regolazione pupillare

    Controllata dal nervus oculomotor per adeguarsi alla luce.

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    Nervio Oculomotor (III)

    Nervio craniale responsable per motricitate ocular e function de pupil.

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    Ptosis

    Protrahere de palpebra superlavia; resulta de disfunctia del nervio oculomotor.

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    Diplopia

    Vision doppia; un symptom de varias lesions nervose ocular.

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    Nervio Trochlear (IV)

    Nervio craniale que innerva le musculo oblique superior del oculo.

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    Musculo Oblique Superior

    Musculo ocular responsable per dirigere le ochio de basso e de lato.

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    Trigeminal (V)

    Nervio cranial V, responsabile per la sensibilità del viso e la motricità della masticazione.

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    Ophthalmic nerve (Ⅴ1)

    Prima divisione del trigemino, fornisce sensazione alla parte superiore del viso.

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    Maxillary nerve (Ⅴ2)

    Seconda divisione del trigemino, fornisce sensazione alla zona medio-facciale.

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    Mandibular nerve (Ⅴ3)

    Terza divisione del trigemino, è un nervio misto che controlla i muscoli masticatori e fornisce sensazione inferiore.

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    Motor functions of V

    Controlla i muscoli per masticazione come massetere e pterigoidei.

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    Sensory functions of V

    Media sensazioni di dolore, temperatura e tatto fine sulla faccia.

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    Reflexes associated with V

    Includono il riflesso della mascella e riflessi corneali.

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    Tic douloureux

    Un disturbo neurologico che causa dolore intenso nel territorio del trigemino.

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    Branches of trigeminal

    Include le divisioni oftalmica, mascellare e mandibolare per diverse aree facciali.

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    Testing trigeminal function

    Valutare la sensibilità e la forza masticatoria nelle zone facciali.

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    Study Notes

    Cranial Nerves Overview

    • Twelve pairs of nerves emerge from the brain
    • Categorized as sensory, motor, or mixed
    • Each nerve has unique functions and pathways
    • Cranial nerves are vital for various functions, including sensory perception (smell, sight, hearing), motor control (eye movement, facial expressions), and mixed functions

    Functional Types of Cranial Nerves

    • General Somatic Efferent (GSE): controls skeletal muscles
    • General Visceral Efferent (GVE): controls visceral organs
    • Special Visceral Efferent (SVE): controls branchial muscles
    • General Somatic Afferent (GSA): relays sensory information from skin and muscles
    • General Visceral Afferent (GVA): carries sensory information from visceral organs
    • Special Visceral Afferent (SVA): carries sensory information related to taste and smell
    • Special Somatic Afferent (SSA): carries sensory information related to vision and hearing

    Classification of Cranial Nerves

    • Sensory cranial nerves: contain only afferent (sensory) fibers
    • Motor cranial nerves: contain only efferent (motor) fibers
    • Mixed nerves: contain both sensory and motor fibers

    Cranial Nerve Nuclei

    • Various nuclei within the brainstem
    • Each nucleus corresponds to specific cranial nerves and plays a role in the function
    • The locations of these nuclei vary throughout the brainstem

    Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

    • Sensory nerve for smell
    • Pathway: olfactory mucosa → cribriform plate → olfactory bulb → olfactory tract → olfactory cortex
    • Special visceral afferent (SVA)

    Optic Nerve (CN II)

    • Sensory nerve for vision
    • Pathway: retina → optic nerve → optic chiasm → optic tract → lateral geniculate nucleus → visual cortex
    • Special somatic afferent (SSA)

    Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

    • Motor nerve for eye movement -controls levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles; innervation of the pupil and lens
    • General somatic efferent (GSE) and general visceral efferent (GVE)

    Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)

    • Motor nerve for eye movement
    • Innervates the superior oblique muscle, responsible for downward and outward eye movements
    • General somatic efferent (GSE)

    Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

    • Motor nerve for eye movement
    • Innervates the lateral rectus muscle, responsible for outward eye movement
    • General somatic efferent (GSE)

    Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

    • Mixed nerve with three major divisions: ophthalmic (V₁), maxillary (V₂), and mandibular (V₃)
    • Sensory functions: pain, temperature, and touch for the face and head.
    • Motor function: controls masticatory muscles (chewing)
    • . Mesencephalic nucleus: proprioception of muscles of mastication
    • Principal nucleus: touch and pressure receptors
    • Spinal nucleus: sensations; pain
    • Trigeminal nuclei
    • General somatic afferent (GSA)
    • Special visceral efferent (SVE)

    Facial Nerve (CN VII)

    • Mixed nerve, performing both sensory and motor functions.
    • Sensory functions: taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue
    • Motor functions: controlling facial expression muscles and parasympathetic functions glands including lacrymal (tearing) and saliva secretion of salivary glands.
    • Special visceral efferent (SVE) and special visceral afferent(SVA)

    Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

    • Sensory nerve for hearing and balance
    • Special somatic afferent (SSA)

    Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

    • Mixed nerve, with both sensory and motor components
    • Sensory functions: taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue, general sensation from the pharynx, and baroreceptors
    • Motor functions: innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle, and parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland
    • Special visceral afferent (SVA) and special visceral efferent (SVE)

    Vagus Nerve (CN X)

    • Mixed nerve with extensive functions
    • Sensory functions: viscera, taste
    • Motor functions: controls swallowing, talking and innervation of thoracic and abdominal organs
    • General visceral afferent (GVA) and general visceral efferent (GVE)

    Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

    • Motor nerve that controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles of the neck and back
    • General somatic efferent (GSE)

    Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

    • Motor nerve for tongue movement
    • General somatic efferent (GSE)

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    Description

    Questo quiz explora le funzioni e le caratteristiche anatomiche dei nervi craniali, in particolare il nervo oculomotor e il nervo trochlear. Sarà esaminato il loro ruolo nell'innervazione muscolare e nella percezione sensoriale. Testa la tua conoscenza su sintomi associati alle lesioni di questi nervi e altro ancora.

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