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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are included in Anatomy? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are included in Anatomy? (Select all that apply)
The structural organization of the body includes _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____ in order.
The structural organization of the body includes _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____ in order.
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organismal
Match the following characteristics of living things:
Match the following characteristics of living things:
Organization = Characteristic of living things Metabolism = Characteristic of living things Growth and Development = Characteristic of living things Responsiveness = Characteristic of living things Adaptation = Characteristic of living things Regulation = Characteristic of living things Reproduction = Characteristic of living things
Which of the following functions are associated with the integumentary system? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following functions are associated with the integumentary system? (Select all that apply)
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Which system provides support and protection and is the site of hemopoiesis?
Which system provides support and protection and is the site of hemopoiesis?
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The muscular system only generates body movement.
The muscular system only generates body movement.
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The nervous system is responsible for _____, _____, and _____ other systems of the body.
The nervous system is responsible for _____, _____, and _____ other systems of the body.
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What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
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The digestive system absorbs nutrients from food.
The digestive system absorbs nutrients from food.
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What is the function of the urinary system?
What is the function of the urinary system?
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The anatomical position is characterized by standing upright, feet _____, head up, and arms _____ with palms _____.
The anatomical position is characterized by standing upright, feet _____, head up, and arms _____ with palms _____.
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Superior refers to being toward the feet.
Superior refers to being toward the feet.
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In which plane does the body divide into superior and inferior parts?
In which plane does the body divide into superior and inferior parts?
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What is osmosis?
What is osmosis?
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Facilitated diffusion requires energy.
Facilitated diffusion requires energy.
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Match the types of epithelial cells with their functions:
Match the types of epithelial cells with their functions:
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Which type of connective tissue is characterized by long, unbranched fibers composed of collagen?
Which type of connective tissue is characterized by long, unbranched fibers composed of collagen?
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Study Notes
Anatomy Overview
- Anatomy includes gross anatomy, histology, and embryology.
- Structural organization of the body is arranged from chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, to organismal levels.
Characteristics of Living Things
- Key characteristics: organization, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness, adaptation, regulation, reproduction.
Integumentary System
- Provides protection and regulates body temperature.
- Contains sensory receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, and prevents water loss.
Skeletal System
- Offers support and protection, serves as a site for blood cell production (hemopoiesis).
- Stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus, and provides attachment sites for muscles.
Muscular System
- Responsible for producing body movement and generating heat.
Nervous System
- Transmits and responds to sensory stimuli, activates muscles and glands.
- Controls other body systems and is integral to consciousness, intelligence, and memory.
Cardiovascular System
- Circulates blood to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases; collects waste products from tissues.
Lymphatic System
- Transports and filters lymph, initiates immune responses.
Respiratory System
- Conditions air, facilitates gas exchange between lungs and bloodstream, aids in vocalization.
Digestive System
- Digests food, absorbs nutrients, expels waste.
Urinary System
- Filters blood to remove waste and maintains homeostasis.
Reproductive System
- Produces sex hormones and facilitates the union of oocytes and sperm.
- Provides an environment for embryo/fetal growth in females.
Endocrine System
- Comprises cells and glands that produce hormones regulating body functions.
Anatomical Position and Terminology
- Anatomical position involves standing upright, feet together, head up, arms at sides with palms forward.
- Supine refers to lying face upward; prone indicates lying face downward.
- Directions: superior (toward the head), inferior (toward the feet), anterior (ventral – front), posterior (dorsal – back), medial (toward midline), lateral (away from midline), proximal (toward an attached base), and distal (away from an attached base).
- Superficial means closer to the outer surface; deep means closer to the inner core.
Planes of the Body
- Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves.
- Midsagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right sides.
- Coronal (frontal) plane separates front and back parts.
- Transverse (horizontal) plane divides body into superior and inferior parts.
Molecular Transport Mechanisms
- Simple diffusion: Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water down a concentration gradient.
- Facilitated diffusion: Requires a transport molecule to assist movement.
- Bulk filtration: Diffusion of solvents and solutes across a semipermeable membrane under pressure.
- Active transport: Movement against a concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).
- Bulk transport: Active movement of macromolecules via endocytosis and exocytosis.
- Phagocytosis: Endocytosis of large particles; pinocytosis is fluid intake.
Epithelial Tissue Characteristics
- Shapes of epithelial cells include squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.
- Layer types: simple, stratified, pseudostratified.
Types of Epithelial Tissues
- Simple squamous: facilitates rapid diffusion; found in alveoli and capillaries.
- Simple cuboidal: involved in absorption and secretion; located in kidney tubules.
- Non-ciliated simple columnar: absorption and secretion of mucus; lining of the digestive tract.
- Ciliated simple columnar: secretes mucus; found in the respiratory tract.
- Non-keratinized stratified squamous: protects against food debris; oral cavity and esophagus.
- Keratinized stratified squamous: offers protection; epidermis of skin (waterproof).
- Stratified cuboidal: protection and secretion; ducts of exocrine glands.
- Stratified columnar: protection and secretion; large ducts of sweat glands (rare).
- Ciliated pseudostratified columnar: secretes and moves mucus; found in respiratory tract.
- Transitional epithelium: allows distension and relaxation; located in urinary bladder.
Connective Tissue Fibers
- Collagen fibers: Long, unbranched, strong, flexible, resist stretch, found in tendons and ligaments.
- Elastic fibers: Composed of elastin, flexible, stretch easily, abundant in lung and arterial connective tissues.
- Reticular fibers: Thinner than collagen, form a mesh network for support; found in lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
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Description
Prepare for your ANAT 3001 Exam 1 with these comprehensive flashcards. Covering key topics like gross anatomy, structural organization, and the characteristics of living organisms, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of essential concepts in anatomy.
