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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are included in Anatomy? (Select all that apply)
The structural organization of the body includes _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____ in order.
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organismal
Match the following characteristics of living things:
Organization = Characteristic of living things Metabolism = Characteristic of living things Growth and Development = Characteristic of living things Responsiveness = Characteristic of living things Adaptation = Characteristic of living things Regulation = Characteristic of living things Reproduction = Characteristic of living things
Which of the following functions are associated with the integumentary system? (Select all that apply)
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Which system provides support and protection and is the site of hemopoiesis?
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The muscular system only generates body movement.
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The nervous system is responsible for _____, _____, and _____ other systems of the body.
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What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
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The digestive system absorbs nutrients from food.
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What is the function of the urinary system?
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The anatomical position is characterized by standing upright, feet _____, head up, and arms _____ with palms _____.
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Superior refers to being toward the feet.
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In which plane does the body divide into superior and inferior parts?
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What is osmosis?
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Facilitated diffusion requires energy.
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Match the types of epithelial cells with their functions:
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Which type of connective tissue is characterized by long, unbranched fibers composed of collagen?
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Study Notes
Anatomy Overview
- Anatomy includes gross anatomy, histology, and embryology.
- Structural organization of the body is arranged from chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, to organismal levels.
Characteristics of Living Things
- Key characteristics: organization, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness, adaptation, regulation, reproduction.
Integumentary System
- Provides protection and regulates body temperature.
- Contains sensory receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, and prevents water loss.
Skeletal System
- Offers support and protection, serves as a site for blood cell production (hemopoiesis).
- Stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus, and provides attachment sites for muscles.
Muscular System
- Responsible for producing body movement and generating heat.
Nervous System
- Transmits and responds to sensory stimuli, activates muscles and glands.
- Controls other body systems and is integral to consciousness, intelligence, and memory.
Cardiovascular System
- Circulates blood to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases; collects waste products from tissues.
Lymphatic System
- Transports and filters lymph, initiates immune responses.
Respiratory System
- Conditions air, facilitates gas exchange between lungs and bloodstream, aids in vocalization.
Digestive System
- Digests food, absorbs nutrients, expels waste.
Urinary System
- Filters blood to remove waste and maintains homeostasis.
Reproductive System
- Produces sex hormones and facilitates the union of oocytes and sperm.
- Provides an environment for embryo/fetal growth in females.
Endocrine System
- Comprises cells and glands that produce hormones regulating body functions.
Anatomical Position and Terminology
- Anatomical position involves standing upright, feet together, head up, arms at sides with palms forward.
- Supine refers to lying face upward; prone indicates lying face downward.
- Directions: superior (toward the head), inferior (toward the feet), anterior (ventral – front), posterior (dorsal – back), medial (toward midline), lateral (away from midline), proximal (toward an attached base), and distal (away from an attached base).
- Superficial means closer to the outer surface; deep means closer to the inner core.
Planes of the Body
- Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves.
- Midsagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right sides.
- Coronal (frontal) plane separates front and back parts.
- Transverse (horizontal) plane divides body into superior and inferior parts.
Molecular Transport Mechanisms
- Simple diffusion: Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water down a concentration gradient.
- Facilitated diffusion: Requires a transport molecule to assist movement.
- Bulk filtration: Diffusion of solvents and solutes across a semipermeable membrane under pressure.
- Active transport: Movement against a concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).
- Bulk transport: Active movement of macromolecules via endocytosis and exocytosis.
- Phagocytosis: Endocytosis of large particles; pinocytosis is fluid intake.
Epithelial Tissue Characteristics
- Shapes of epithelial cells include squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.
- Layer types: simple, stratified, pseudostratified.
Types of Epithelial Tissues
- Simple squamous: facilitates rapid diffusion; found in alveoli and capillaries.
- Simple cuboidal: involved in absorption and secretion; located in kidney tubules.
- Non-ciliated simple columnar: absorption and secretion of mucus; lining of the digestive tract.
- Ciliated simple columnar: secretes mucus; found in the respiratory tract.
- Non-keratinized stratified squamous: protects against food debris; oral cavity and esophagus.
- Keratinized stratified squamous: offers protection; epidermis of skin (waterproof).
- Stratified cuboidal: protection and secretion; ducts of exocrine glands.
- Stratified columnar: protection and secretion; large ducts of sweat glands (rare).
- Ciliated pseudostratified columnar: secretes and moves mucus; found in respiratory tract.
- Transitional epithelium: allows distension and relaxation; located in urinary bladder.
Connective Tissue Fibers
- Collagen fibers: Long, unbranched, strong, flexible, resist stretch, found in tendons and ligaments.
- Elastic fibers: Composed of elastin, flexible, stretch easily, abundant in lung and arterial connective tissues.
- Reticular fibers: Thinner than collagen, form a mesh network for support; found in lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
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Description
Prepare for your ANAT 3001 Exam 1 with these comprehensive flashcards. Covering key topics like gross anatomy, structural organization, and the characteristics of living organisms, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of essential concepts in anatomy.
