Analyzing Textual Arguments and Implications

Study Notes

Course Information

Course Code: BBA-201
Course Title: Business Statistics

Unit 1: Introduction of Statistics
- Introduction
- Meaning of Statistics
  - Definition of Statistics (as data)
  - Definition of Statistics (as a subject)
- Descriptive Statistics
- Inferential Statistics
- Scope
- Limitations
- Summary
Unit 2: Collection of Data
- Introduction
- Definition of Primary Data
- Methods of Collecting Primary Data
  - Direct Personal Investigation
  - Indirect Oral Investigation
  - Through Local Correspondents
  - Through Questionnaires Mailed to Informants
  - Through Schedules Filled in by Enumerators
- Requisites of a Good Questionnaire and Schedule
- Definition of Secondary Data
- Methods of Collecting Secondary Data
- Precautions in the Use of Secondary Data
- Summary
Unit 3: Measures of Central Tendency
- Types of Measures of Central Tendency (Averages)
  - Definition of Arithmetic Mean
  - Weighted A.M.
  - Definition of Geometric Mean
  - Averaging of Percentages
  - Weighted G.M.
  - Definition of Harmonic Mean
  - H.M. of Combined Group
  - Weighted H.M.
- Definition of Median
- Demerits of Median
- Definition of Mode
- Mode by inspection
- Mode by Grouping
- Empirical Mode
- Mode in Case of unequal widths
- Merits of Mode
- Demerits of Mode
- Summary
Unit 4: Measures of Dispersion
- Requisites of a Good Measure of Dispersion
- Methods of Measuring Dispersion
- Definition of Range
- Inadequacy of Range
- Definition of Quartile Deviation
- Definition of Mean Deviation
- Coefficient of M.D.
- Short-cut method for M.D.
- Standard Deviation
- Definition of Standard Deviation, C.V. and Variance
- Short-cut Method for S.D.
- Relation Between Measures of Dispersion
- Summary
Unit 5: Skewness
- Introduction
- Tests of Skewness
- Karl Pearson's Method
- Bowley's Method
- Summary
Unit 6: Analysis of Time Series
- Introduction
- Meaning of Time Series
- Components of Time Series
  - Secular Trend or Long Term Variations
  - Seasonal Variations
  - Cyclical Variations
  - Irregular Variations
- Additive and Multiplicative Models of Decomposition of Time Series
- Determination of Trend
- Free Hand Graphic Method
- Semi Average Method
- Moving Average Method
- Least Squares Method
- Linear Trend
- Non-linear Trend (Parabolic)
- Non-linear Trend (Exponential)
- Summary
Unit 7: Correlation and Causation
- Correlation and Causation
- Positive and Negative Correlation
- Linear and Non-Linear Correlation
- Simple, Multiple and Partial Correlation
- Definition of Correlation
- Alternative Form of 'R'
- Step Deviation Method
- Meaning of Spearman's Rank Correlation
- Summary
Unit 8: Index Numbers
- Introduction
- Purpose of constructing Index Numbers
- Types of Index Numbers
- Methods of Price Index Numbers
  - Laspeyre's Method
  - Paasche's Method
  - Dorbish and Bowley's Method
  - Fisher's Method
  - Marshall Edgeworth's Method
  - Kelly's Method
  - Weighted Average of Price Relatives
  - Chain Base Method
- Methods of quantity index numbers
  - Simple Aggregative method of value index numbers
- Mean of index numbers
- Meaning of Adequacy of index number
- Meaning of Consumer Price Index
- Summary
Unit 9: Regression Analysis
- Introduction
- Uses of Regression Analysis
- Types of Regression
- Regression Lines
- Regression Equations
- Step Deviation Method
- Regression Lines for Grouped Data
- Properties of Regression Coefficients and Regression Lines
- Summary