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Analyzing Group I Cations (Silver Group)

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Analyzing Group I Cations (Silver Group)

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following cations does NOT belong to Group I cations?

Bismuth (Bi^{3+}) (correct)

Mercurous (Hg_2^{2+})

Silver (Ag^{+})

Lead (Pb^{2+})

What is the role of HCl in the precipitation of Group I cations?

To form soluble salts of the cations

To prevent the formation of insoluble salt of bismuth (correct)

To oxidize the cations

To increase the solubility of the precipitates

Why should a slight excess of HCl be added during the analysis?

To fully dissolve all the cations

To obtain complete precipitation and prevent peptization of the insoluble chlorides (correct)

To increase the temperature of the solution

To ensure the chlorides remain soluble

What is the formula of the precipitate formed by the addition of cold dilute HCl in Group I cations?

<p>$PbCl_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chemical equations represents the formation of lead chloride precipitate?

<p>$Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- + H_2O \rightarrow PbCl_2 \downarrow$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Group I Cations (Silver Group)

The group includes lead, silver, and mercurous, with their respective ions: $Pb^{2+}$, $Ag^{+}$, and $Hg_2^{2+}$

Steps of Analysis

Precipitation is the first step of analysis, using cold dilute $HCl$ as the group reagent
The group reagent $HCl$ precipitates the ions as chlorides, with the following formulas: $AgCl$, $PbCl_2$, and $Hg_2Cl_2$, resulting in a white precipitate
$HCl$ is preferred over $NH_4Cl$ because it prevents the formation of insoluble bismuth oxychloride precipitate
A slight excess of $HCl$ should be added to ensure complete precipitation and prevent peptization of the insoluble chlorides
The chemical equation for the precipitation of $PbCl_2$ is: $Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- + H_2O \rightarrow PbCl_2 \downarrow$

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Description

This quiz covers the analysis of Group I cations, including lead, silver, and mercurous, through precipitation reactions with cold dilute HCl. Understand the formula of precipitates and the reasons behind using HCl as the group reagent.