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Questions and Answers
What is the composition of saliva related to?
What is the recommended storage temperature for biological specimens prior to analysis?
What is the fluid derived from blood and interstitial fluid that resides within bones?
What is an advantage of using blood samples in toxicological analysis?
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What information is required for general toxicological analysis?
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Is it recommended to freeze whole blood instead of plasma or serum for analysis?
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What is the primary focus of analytical toxicology?
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What is essential for basic knowledge of analytical toxicology?
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Which of the following is true about urine samples?
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Why is good record keeping important in forensic toxicology?
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What is the purpose of confirming positive results with GC-MS?
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What is a hazard of manufacturing drugs?
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What is the purpose of COSHH?
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What is cord blood
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Study Notes
Analytical Toxicology
- Concerned with detection, identification, and measurement of drugs and xenobiotics in biological specimens
- Requires knowledge of clinical and forensic toxicology, clinical chemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics
Biological Specimens
- Urine has lower drug metabolite concentrations compared to blood
- Urine is the specimen of choice for employment immunoassay kits
- Blood samples are advantageous due to high concentrations of many poisons
Sample Collection and Storage
- Blood is collected into an anticoagulant, mixed, and frozen to lyse cells
- Cord blood is obtained from the umbilical cord after birth and provides plasma only
- Gastric aspirate is not a fatty fluid from bone marrow
- Intraosseous fluid is derived from blood and interstitial fluid within bones
- Saliva is a secretion of mucous glands in the mouth, unrelated to plasma composition
- Bile is not a thin red fluid secreted by the liver
- Nails or nail clippings can be used to assess exposure to drugs or heavy metals
- Whole blood samples should be collected in a plastic tube if paraquat is suspected
General Toxicological Analysis
- Requires information about emergency treatment received by the patient
- Does not require details of the patient's past medical history or current medication
- Biological specimens should be stored at 2–8ºC prior to analysis
- Freezing whole blood is not recommended, instead, freeze plasma or serum for analysis
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Description
Test your knowledge of analytical toxicology, including the detection and measurement of xenobiotics and their metabolites, and its applications in clinical and forensic toxicology.
