Analytical Philosophers
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Analytical Philosophers

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Questions and Answers

According to the table, how do analytical philosophers perceive themselves in terms of depth?

  • Chaotic
  • Profound (correct)
  • Shallow
  • Realistic

    • What is business ethics grounded in, according to the passage?

  • Analytical philosophy (correct)
  • Continental philosophy
  • Liberalism
  • Business studies

    • What is attempted in the book according to the passage?

  • A bridge between continental and analytical philosophy (correct)
  • A focus solely on analytical philosophy
  • A critique of business ethics
  • A rejection of continental philosophy

    • What is the assumption behind bringing continental philosophy into business ethics?

    <p>That it will inspire business ethics with new ideas and insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do analytical philosophers see themselves in terms of their relationship with science?

    <p>As critical about science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when ethics is about what has emerged over time, according to the passage?

    <p>The is-ought fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do analytical philosophers see themselves in terms of their approach?

    <p>As realistic and critical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a way analytical philosophers see themselves, according to the table?

    <p>As not serious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental limit of human freedom in society?

    <p>Protection of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of wealth in society?

    <p>To preserve life and provide better living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of managers in society, according to the principles discussed?

    <p>To serve the people under the principle of the best interests of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of Michael Hardt and Anton Negri regarding globalization?

    <p>The hijacking of globalization by big companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Zizek's argument regarding globalization?

    <p>The role of the masses in the third world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of society, according to the principles discussed?

    <p>To build a free and diverse global society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of corporations in society, according to the principles discussed?

    <p>To serve the people and promote the well-being of humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core concept of sustainability?

    <p>An attitude of not willing to engage in activities that will eventually harm the interests of future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of sustainable development?

    <p>To make sustainability possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument of continental philosophers regarding globalization?

    <p>Globalization is not just about economy, but also about social and cultural aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of Triple Bottom Line (3BL) based on?

    <p>The assumption that economic activity relies on the (re)productive capacity of our planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of The Natural Step?

    <p>To challenge businesses to determine what must be done in order for them to arrive at a sustainable future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of businesses' moral duty in terms of sustainability?

    <p>To report their performance to stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of sustainability?

    <p>Nobody really knows what sustainability is about</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another way to describe sustainability?

    <p>Stakeholder approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge of measuring sustainability?

    <p>It is very difficult to assess whether a certain organization is doing its best in terms of sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of resentment?

    <p>Feeling envious of others' success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to uncritically follow the group?

    <p>Herd instinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the etymology of fairness, what does fairness mean?

    <p>Living a life of beauty and harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Nietzsche's criticism of religion?

    <p>It is a form of social manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Foucault's thinking?

    <p>The structure of power interests and relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between freedom and ethics?

    <p>Freedom is a prerequisite for ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of 'care of the self'?

    <p>Developing a sense of self through practices and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the notion of contextual awareness?

    <p>The idea that our background influences our views on excessive rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the moral dilemmas that arise from whistleblowing?

    <p>Loyalty to the general public or loyalty to the organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor in determining the moral approval of whistleblowing?

    <p>The whistleblower's motives and intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is generally considered more problematic from a moral perspective?

    <p>External whistleblowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the US laws, what is the attitude towards internal whistleblowing?

    <p>It is discouraged and not protected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the risks that whistleblowers face?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Whistleblowers Protection Act (1989) and Sarbanes-Oxley (2002)?

    <p>To protect whistleblowers and encourage reporting of wrongdoing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when deciding whether to report a wrongdoing internally or externally?

    <p>The whistleblower's confidence in the internal reporting process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between internal and external whistleblowing?

    <p>Internal whistleblowing is done within the organization, while external whistleblowing is done outside the organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Analytical Philosophers vs. Continental Philosophers

    • Analytical philosophers see themselves as chaotic, shallow, profound, realistic, critical about science, and not serious
    • They are opposed to continental philosophers, who are seen as docile followers of science and liberalism, naive, and not serious

    Business Ethics and Philosophy

    • Business ethics is grounded in analytical philosophy, but the book tries to bridge the gap between continental philosophy and analytical philosophy
    • The assumption is that continental philosophy can inspire business ethics with new ideas and insights

    Crossings between Business and Ethics

    • The is-ought fallacy: observing what is the case and thinking that it ought to be the case
    • Notion of resentment: feeling jealous when others, like CEOs, earn a lot of money
    • Herd instinct: uncritically following the direction of the group, with morality determined by those in power
    • Contextual awareness: the way we look at excessive rewards depends on our background
    • Etymology of fairness: tracing back to the idea of harmony, order, and beauty, with fairness meaning to live a beautiful or pleasing life

    Critique of Universal Truth

    • The "truth" is never fixed, and universal claims of truth are social manipulation
    • Nietzsche's criticism of religion and its ultimate view on truth
    • Need to question the "truth" on an ongoing basis

    Foucault and Power Relations

    • Foucault's thoughts on individual autonomy within a network of relationships and power interests
    • Knowledge structures emerge that shape people's conceptions of themselves and others as a way of power interests

    Freedom and Autonomy

    • Everyone is entitled to improve their own situation, and there is no ethics without freedom
    • Care of the self: activities that change our development and function, influencing our view of ourselves and others

    Moral Conundrums

    • Moral dilemma: reporting non-doing is not the only task employees have, and they are expected to be loyal as well
    • Whistleblowing: internal vs. external, with the mindset and motives of the whistleblower being important
    • Loyalty to the general public vs. loyalty to the organization

    Sustainability

    • Sustainability refers to an attitude that avoids harming the interests of future generations
    • Sustainable development: a set of managerial principles to make sustainability possible
    • Triple bottom line (3BL): people, planet, profit, with sustainability achieved at the point where all three dimensions are in balance

    The Natural Step

    • A technique to envision where businesses want to go and determine the steps to get there
    • Challenges businesses to determine what must be done to arrive at a sustainable future

    Business Goals and Accountability

    • Businesses have more than financial goals, including social and environmental goals
    • Moral duty to report performance to stakeholders
    • Accountability demand is important, but it is difficult to assess whether a business is doing its best in terms of sustainability

    Critique of Sustainability

    • Some argue that sustainability is just another version of the stakeholder approach
    • It is difficult to measure whether a business is doing its best in terms of sustainability
    • Wealth maximization or environmental friendliness may be overridden by other moral duties
    • Some criticize that nobody really knows what sustainability is about

    Transmodern Ethics

    • Human freedom is a basic value of society, with its limit being the protection of life
    • Well-being of humankind must be fulfilled through free human action via cooperation and agreement
    • Wealth is only a means for preserving life and providing conditions for a better existence
    • Managers are at the service of the people under the principle of "the best interests of society"

    Continental Philosophers on Globalization

    • Michael Hardt and Anton Negri: globalization is not the problem, but big companies hijacking it are
    • Slavoj Zizek: business or capitalism are not the most important factors in globalization, but rather the destructed masses in the third world

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    Explore the characteristics and traits of analytical philosophers, including their views on chaos and order.

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