Analytical Chemistry Chapter 1 Quiz

Analytical chemistry is a measurement science.

False (B)

<p>The components of a sample that are determined (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spectroscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separation processes are used to decrease the complexity of material mixtures and isolate the analyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrochemical analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Calibration curve method establishes a relationship between the instrument reading and the known concentration of the analyte to determine the concentration of an unknown sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Standard addition method is useful when the sample matrix is complex or unknown and may affect the analytical signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An internal standard is used to account for variations in sample quantity or instrument response, ensuring a more precise and accurate analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molarity = Moles of solute per liter of solution Molality = Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent Weight/weight percent = Mass of solute per 100 units of total solution mass Volume/Volume percent = Volume of solute per 100 units of total solution volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ppm is frequently used for expressing the concentration of aqueous solutions, especially when dealing with trace amounts of substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration in ppm is calculated by dividing the mass of the solute by the mass of the solution and then multiplying by 10^6 ppm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, while specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at 4°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stoichiometry deals with the calculation of quantities of substances involved in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilution is based on the principle of conservation of moles. The number of moles of solute remains constant before and after dilution, while the volume changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A branch of chemistry that focuses on identifying and quantifying the components of a sample.

A systematic approach to identify the presence of specific ions or elements in a sample by eliminating possibilities through reactions.

A method for determining the amount of a substance by adding a reagent until a specific endpoint is reached.

A method for determining the amount of a substance by measuring the mass of the sample before and after a transformation.

Involves the interaction of atoms or molecules with electromagnetic radiation to analyze its properties.

A technique that determines the mass-to-charge ratio of molecules by using electric and magnetic fields.

A technique that determines the chemical structure of materials at the atomic level by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays.

Involves the interaction of a material with an electric field to analyze its properties.

A method that measures the interaction of a material with heat to analyze its properties (calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis).

Processes used to separate a mixture into its individual components.

Combinations of different analytical techniques to provide more comprehensive information about a sample.

Methods that directly visualize the structure of molecules, cells, tissues, and materials.

A miniaturized analytical system integrated onto a single chip, allowing for small-scale, portable analysis.

A solution with a high concentration of the analyte.

A solution with a known and precise concentration of the analyte.

A solution containing all the reagents and solvents used in an analysis, but without the analyte.

The substance of interest in an analytical procedure.

The rest of the sample, excluding the analyte.

A graph that plots the response (signal) of the analytical method against different known concentrations of the analyte.

A method for determining the concentration of an analyte by adding known amounts of a standard to the unknown sample.

A method for improving accuracy in analysis by adding a known amount of a standard, different from the analyte, to the unknown sample.

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

The mass of solute per 100 units of mass of solution (weight/weight).

The volume of solute per 100 units of volume of solution (volume/volume).

The mass of solute per 100 units of volume of solution (weight/volume).

Parts per Million (ppm) and Parts per Billion (ppb) are used to express very dilute concentrations.

The process of diluting a concentrated solution to a lower concentration.

The mass per unit volume of a substance.

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at 4°C.